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Phenotyping of BM TpMos and Mature Ly6Chi monocytes in steady state and during sepsis

ABSTRACT: Circulating monocytes are crucial for tissue resident macrophage (TRM) replenishment. While a temporary loss of TRMs does not impose immediate danger to the host in sterile conditions, the niche comprising of dying macrophages in the presence of pathogenic bacteria predisposes the host to increased morbidity if these cells are not effectively replaced. Importantly, monocytes have been shown to be susceptible to cell death after executing effector functions such as phagocytosis. Hence, the demands and contribution of monocytes in pathogen clearance and macrophage differentiation is perplexing. Interestingly, we show that proliferating transitional pre-monocytes (TpMos), an immediate precursor of mature Ly6Chi monocytes (MatMos), were mobilized into the periphery in response to acute bacterial infection and sepsis. Since TpMos are absent in the circulation in the steady state, we aim to understand how TpMo recruitment into the periphery may result in differing functions from MatMos during sepsis.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE192448 | GEO | 2022/03/09

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Hepatic macrophages play a central role in the initiation, progression and resolution of various liver diseases. Specifically, infiltrating Ly6Chi monocytes and their-derived macrophage (MoMFs) descendants prevail in acute or chronic liver injury, display marked transcriptional variance and provide crucial functional plasticity. A specific example of MoMFs are lipid associated macrophages (LAMs) involved in progression of metabolic liver disease (Remmerie et al., 2020). Recent studies have uncovered binary developmental trajectories of monocytes in the BM with Neutrophil-like (NeuMo) and dendritic cell (DC)-like (DCMo) monocytes (Weinreb et al., 2020; Yanez et al., 2017), hence further challenging our current comprehension of macrophage heterogeneity in the diseased liver. Yet, the molecular factors regulating their inflammatory versus restorative activity remains enigmatic. The COMMD (copper metabolism MURR1 domain) family includes 10 evolutionarily conserved proteins. Functions of COMMD proteins are still being defined, but they seem to play non-redundant roles in regulating transcription and protein trafficking. Utilizing conditional COMMD10 knockout mice we uncovered a role for COMMD10 in limiting inflammasome activation in Ly6Chi monocytes during experimental sepsis and colitis (Mouhadeb et al., 2018), and in supporting phagolysosomal biogenesis and maturation in KCs and BM-derived macrophages infected with Staphylococcus aureus (Ben Shlomo et al., 2019). Hence, these studies mark COMMD10 as a candidate mediator of monocyte and macrophage fate and immune responses. Here we studeid the effect of COMMD10-deficiency on Ly6Chi monocyte differentiation and inflammatory behaviour in the injured liver, using an acute model of acetaminophen-induced liver injury (AILI). Bulk RNAseq analysis of sorted Ly6Chi monocytes, comparing between COMMD10+ and COMMD10-deficient cells, revealed an increased differentiation bias of Ly6Chi monocytes towards NeuMo and LAM differentiation fates. Collectively, COMMD10 appears as an important regulator of Ly6Chi monocyte fate decisions and reparative behavior in the diseased liver.

Project description:Hepatic macrophages play a central role in the initiation, progression and resolution of various liver diseases. Specifically, infiltrating Ly6Chi monocytes and their-derived macrophage (MoMFs) descendants prevail in acute or chronic liver injury, display marked transcriptional variance and provide crucial functional plasticity. A specific example of MoMFs are lipid associated macrophages (LAMs) involved in progression of metabolic liver disease (Remmerie et al., 2020). Recent studies have uncovered binary developmental trajectories of monocytes in the BM with Neutrophil-like (NeuMo) and dendritic cell (DC)-like (DCMo) monocytes (Weinreb et al., 2020; Yanez et al., 2017), hence further challenging our current comprehension of macrophage heterogeneity in the diseased liver. Yet, the molecular factors regulating their inflammatory versus restorative activity remains enigmatic. The COMMD (copper metabolism MURR1 domain) family includes 10 evolutionarily conserved proteins. Functions of COMMD proteins are still being defined, but they seem to play non-redundant roles in regulating transcription and protein trafficking. Utilizing conditional COMMD10 knockout mice we uncovered a role for COMMD10 in limiting inflammasome activation in Ly6Chi monocytes during experimental sepsis and colitis (Mouhadeb et al., 2018), and in supporting phagolysosomal biogenesis and maturation in KCs and BM-derived macrophages infected with Staphylococcus aureus (Ben Shlomo et al., 2019). Hence, these studies mark COMMD10 as a candidate mediator of monocyte and macrophage fate and immune responses. Here we studeis the effect of COMMD10-deficiency on Ly6Chi monocyte differentiation and inflammatory behaviour in the injured liver, using an acute model of acetaminophen-induced liver injury (AILI). Single cell RNAseq analysis of sorted Ly6Chi monocytes, comparing between COMMD10+ and COMMD10-deficient cells, revealed increased differentiation bias of Ly6Chi monocytes towards NeuMo and LAM differentiation fates. Collectively, COMMD10 appears as an important regulator of Ly6Chi monocyte fate decisions and reparative behavior in the diseased liver.

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Phenotyping of BM TpMos and Mature Ly6Chi monocytes in steady state and during sepsis

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