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Function of ARGONAUTE proteins in the Arabidopsis shoot apical meristem (SAM) [RNA-seq]

ABSTRACT: In sexually propagating organisms, genetic and epigenetic mutations are evolutionarily relevant only if they occur in the germline and provide inherited information to the next generation. In contrast to most animals, plants are thought to lack an early segregating germline, implying that somatic cells can contribute genetic information to the progeny if they differentiate into meiocytes. Here we demonstrate that two ARGONAUTE proteins, AGO5 and AGO9, are expressed in the reproductive lineage throughout development and mark an early-segregating germline. Furthermore, both AGOs are loaded with dynamic populations of small RNAs derived from highly methylated, pericentromeric, long transposons. Sequencing single nuclei revealed that many of these transposons are highly expressed within a central stem cell domain. This indicates a host-parasite tug of war and specific silencing pathways in plant shoot apical meristems (SAMs). Our results open the path to investigate transposon biology and epigenome dynamics at cellular resolution in the SAM stem cell niche.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

PROVIDER: GSE192608 | GEO | 2023/09/30

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Plant ARGONAUTE (AGO) proteins play pivotal roles in gene expression regulation through small (s)RNA-guided mechanisms. Among the ten AGO proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana, AGO1 stands out as the main effector of post-transcriptional gene silencing. Intriguingly, a specific region of AGO1, its N-terminal extension (NTE), has gained prominence in recent studies linked to diverse regulatory functions, including subcellular localization, sRNA loading, and interactions with regulatory factors. In the realm of post-translational modifications (PTMs), little is known about arginine methylation in Arabidopsis AGOs. This study reveals a novel and intricate landscape of AGO1 methylation. Here, we have elucidated that NTEAGO1 undergoes symmetric arginine dimethylation on specific residues, and interacts with the methyltransferase PRMT5, which catalyzes its methylation. Notably, we observed that the lack of symmetric dimethylarginine has no discernible impact on AGO1's subcellular localization or miRNA loading capabilities. However, the absence of PRMT5 significantly alters the loading of a subgroup of sRNAs into AGO1 and reshapes the NTEAGO1 interactome. Importantly, our research extends beyond AGO1, illustrating that symmetric arginine dimethylation of NTEs is a common process across Arabidopsis AGOs, taking place in AGO1, AGO2, AGO3, and AGO5, deepening our understanding of PTMs in the intricate landscape of RNA-associated gene regulation.

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