Dataset Information

Transcriptomic profiles of consistent risk-taking behaviour across time and contexts in European sea bass

ABSTRACT: Boldness is known to be a key driver of accessibility to food or reproduction, but also of increased risk including of being predated. Boldness is supposed consistent across time and contexts but studies investigating stability of this trait in variable environments, including in terms of stress load and over long periods of time are scarce. Moreover, underlying molecular components are poorly studied. Here, we report that boldness of 1154 European sea bass, evaluated using group risk-taking tests, is consistent over 7 months and for individuals subjected to multiple environments, including a stressful environment. Differences in risk-taking behaviour were strengthened by differences observed in the responses to a novel environment test; shy individuals displaed higher group dispersion, higher thigmotaxic behaviour and lower activity. Transcriptomic analyses performed on extreme phenotypes revealed that bold individuals display greater expression for genes involved in social and exploration behaviour, and memory in the pituitary, and genes involved in immunity and response to stimulus in the head kidney. This study demonstrates that personality traits come with underpinning molecular signature, especially in organs involved in the endocrine and immune systems. As such, our results may help to depict the state-behaviour feedback, previously proposed as key in shaping personality.

ORGANISM(S): Dicentrarchus labrax

PROVIDER: GSE195636 | GEO | 2022/05/25

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Individual stress coping style has profound effects on how animals respond to environmental change, and individuals within a population strikingly differ in how gene expression shifts in response to challenge. This study used a wild type Zebrafish (Danio rerio) population to: 1) identify and screen for individual coping style using a screening protocol for risk taking in groups and 2) do global transcriptomics of brains from proactive, reactive or randomly chosen individuals (n=10/group) under control conditions. Results show that within our population proactive and reactive individual coping styles can be accurately identified and may represent 10-30% of individuals within the population. Microarray data analyses identify fundamental differences between the three different groups where variance in gene expression values are reduced by using coping style as an explanatory variable. Furthermore, significant differences in mRNAs and related biological processes suggest that even under identical environmental conditions the molecular mechanisms that underpin physiological processes are very different between proactive and reactive individuals within a population. Experimental tank was an 18 litre glass aquarium (dimensions (LxWxH): 40 X 25 X 20cm) lined on three sides with white paper; the front wall was not covered to allow the observer to record the behaviour and divided at 1/3 of his length with a black PVC screen with a 3cm diameter hole in the middle. All the tank surfaces around this third area of the tank were covered with dark paper and closed on the upper part with a removable lid to provide a shelter for the animals. The hole was covered with the same PVC plastic material and removed once the screening started to allow the fish enter the novel environment. Food was not supplied the day before to ensure that during the test the fish were hungry and they had to make the decision to leave a safe area in order to forage. Boldness was measured as the time taken by individual fish to leave a group from a safe, darkened area. It hence represents the willingness of a fish to explore a new, potentially dangerous environment, or boldness. Tests were conducted with groups of 9 randomly-selected fish from stocking tanks. Fish were familiar to each other in the sense that they were previously held in the same stocking tank. Test started with a 10 min. habituation period in the sheltered area with the hole closed with a PVC screen and the top of the sheltered area of the tank also covered to provide a complete quiet place. Then the lid covering the hole was gently removed. Either the first 3 fish to exit the shelter or fish with latency times inferior to 10 minutes were considered bold fish and were removed gently with a fish net from the test tank and placed apart in another tank. Latency times of emergency from the sheltered area were recorded individually. Next 3 animals to emerge before 15 minutes were considered intermediate and also removed gently. At the end of this last 15 minutes, animals that still remained inside the sheltered area were considered shy. Intermediates were discarded and fish selected for different coping strategies where placed in different tanks for posterior molecular analysis. Selected animals were killed by an overdose of MS-22 and the brains were sampled. Individual tissue samples were homogenized into 0.3 ml of Tri-Reagent and stored at -80C for further molecular analysis.

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Transcriptomic profiles of consistent risk-taking behaviour across time and contexts in European sea bass

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