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Transcriptomic analysis in Caenorhabditis elegans exposed to organic and inorganic forms of arsenic or mercury

ABSTRACT: Arsenic and mercury are known chemical hazards. The differences in effects from organic and inorganic forms of these toxic elements is less well understood, however. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is a suitable model to investigate the toxicity of environmental hazards. In this study, the transcriptomic profiles of C. elegans exposed to inorganic mercury chloride (HgCl2) and sodium (meta)arsenite (NaAsO2) were assessed alongside organic methylmercury chloride (meHgCl) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA). For this purpose, adult C. elegans were exposed for 24 h to NaAsO2 (10 µg/ml), DMA (200 µg/ml), HgCl2 (2 µg/ml), and meHgCl (0.5 µg/ml), concentrations that were equitoxic in juveniles for developmental delay. Whole genome gene expression profiles were determined by using Cellegans_UnrestrictedGE_G2519F_020186 Microarray (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA). The results showed significant changes in the transcriptome of adult C. elegans exposed to NaAsO2, DMA, HgCl2, or meHgCl relative to the control group (C. elegans treated with water). A total of 927 and 1221 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in C. elegans treated with 10 µg/ml NaAsO2 or 200 µg/ml DMA, respectively. Interestingly, only 161 DEGs were in common for these two chemicals. Exposure to 2 µg/ml HgCl2 or 0.5 µg/ml meHgCl altered the expression of 670 and 485 genes, respectively, and out of these genes, 154 were commonly altered by the two treatments. Analysis of DEGs revealed that organic and inorganic forms of arsenic and mercury have different effects on the transcriptome of adult C. elegans.

ORGANISM(S): Caenorhabditis elegans

PROVIDER: GSE196891 | GEO | 2022/02/18

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Inorganic arsenic, a ubiquitous environmental contaminant of food and drinking water, is a human carcinogen associated with lung, liver, prostate, renal, and bladder cancers. It has been postulated that inorganic arsenic targets stem cells or partially differentiated progenitor cells, causing their oncogenic transformation. This is proposed to be one of the key mechanisms in arsenic-associated carcinogenesis; however, the underlying mechanisms for this process remain largely unknown. To address this question, human liver HepaRG cells, at progenitor and differentiated states, were continuously treated with a non-cytotoxic concentration of 1 μM sodium arsenite (NaAsO2). Briefly, in Experiment 1, three days after the initial seeding, 1 μM NaAsO2 was added to the media and the cells were maintained in the NaAsO2-containing media for an additional 25 days. In Experiment 2, fourteen days after the initial seeding, 1 μM NaAsO2 was added to the media and the cells were maintained in the NaAsO2-containing media for an additional 14 days. In Experiment 1 and Experiment 2, control and NaAsO2-treated cells were harvested on the 28th day after the initial seeding. In Experiment 3, twenty-eight days after the initial seeding, the terminally-differentiated cells were treated continuously with 1 μM NaAsO2 for an additional 14 days and then harvested. Transcriptomic analysis of NaAsO2-treated progenitor-like HepaRG cells (Experiment 1 and Experiment 2) identified 743 and 639 differentially expressed genes, respectively, among which 343 genes were expressed in common. Pathway analysis of common differentially expressed genes demonstrated a substantial inhibition of cellular metabolic pathways, mainly lipid and xenobiotic metabolism, and cell death pathways. In contrast, cell proliferation, cell survival, and inflammation, were substantially activated. Treatment of differentiated HepaRG cells with NaAsO2 (Experiment 3) resulted in prominent gene expression changes, with a total of 1058 transcripts being significantly different from the control HepaRG cells. Pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes in NaAsO2-treated cells differentiated HepaRG cells showed activation of cellular death-associated pathways and inhibition of cell survival and cell proliferation.