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Comparative transcriptomics reveal highly conserved regional programs between porcine and human colonic enteric nervous system

ABSTRACT: The enteric nerve system (ENS) coordinates diverse gastrointestinal functions. The porcine gastrointestinal tract is increasingly regarded as a useful translational model. However, porcine ENS molecular profiling and its similarity to that of human are lacking. Bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) coupled with laser-capture microdissection and single-cell RNA-seq on myenteric ganglia (MG) addressed that discrepant transcriptional programs explained the functional characteristics between inner submucosal and/or MG in porcine proximal or/and distal colon (p-pC, p-dC). Comparative bulk transcriptomics of MG in corresponding colonic regions of porcine and human revealed highly conserved programs existing in p-pC and p-dC, which interpreted >90% of their transcriptomic responses to vagal nerve stimulation (VNS), suggesting that p-pC and p-dC could serve as predictors in translational studies. At bulk and single-cell resolution, we highlighted specific conserved programs, executing inflammatory modulation in porcine with VNS. This study offers rich foundations to understand human colonic functions and neuromodulation using porcine model.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens Sus scrofa

PROVIDER: GSE197106 | GEO | 2023/01/22

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Besides symptoms caused by central nervous system (CNS) lesions, the majority of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) also exhibit gastrointestinal dysfunction that has frequently been noted, but was not directly linked to the autoimmune etiology of the disease.We studied the enteric nervous system (ENS) in a murine model of MS by histology and electron microscopy. Serum IgG against enteric neurons and enteroglia was measured by ELISA and binding to the ENS was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Target antigens were identified by mass spectrometry. Gastrointestinal dysfunction was determined by measuring dye transit time. RNA expression profiling was conducted with small intestines of MP4-immunized and control-immunized mice. Data from the mouse model were confirmed in MS patients by immunohistochemistry of the ENS in bowel resectates. In addition, ELISA was performed on plasma samples to detect antibodies against four specific target antigens as identified in the mouse model. ENS degeneration was evident already before the onset of clinical disease in the mouse model. Pathology was predominantly antibody-mediated and caused a significant decrease in gastrointestinal transit, which was associated with severe gliosis of the ENS. Unlike the dense infiltrates that developed in the perivascular compartments of the CNS of MP4-immunized mice, the infiltrates in the ENS consisted of single cells scattered throughout the tissue. RNA expression profiling could support these results, as the expression of inflammatory markers in the small intestine was similar between MP4-immunized and HEL-immunized mice. We identified four specific target antigens derived from enteric neurons and/or enteroglia. Antibodies against all four target antigens were present in MS patients. MS patients also showed gliosis and signs of ENS degeneration in the small intestine. For the first time, this study establishes a pathomechanistic link between the well-established autoimmune attack on the CNS and the ENS in MS. The presence of ENS pathology prior to CNS degeneration introduces entirely novel ways to explain MS etiology and immunopathogenesis.

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Comparative transcriptomics reveal highly conserved regional programs between porcine and human colonic enteric nervous system

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