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HMeDIP-Seq of Tet2 overexpressing hippocampal neurons

ABSTRACT: Tet2 regulates gene expression by oxidizing 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine. Profiling the genomic locations of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine after Tet2 manipulation can inform us of the targets of Tet2 regulation. We profiled hydroxymethylcytosine in Tet2 ovexpressing neurons to determine the targets of Tet2 in neurons.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE198910 | GEO | 2023/03/17

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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hMeDIP-Seq of Tet2 knockout hippocampal neurons

Project description:Tet2 regulates gene expression by oxidizing 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine. Profiling the genomic locations of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine after Tet2 manipulation can inform us of the targets of Tet2 regulation. We profiled hydroxymethylcytosine in Tet2 knockout neurons to determine the targets of Tet2 in neurons.

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Loss of neuronal Tet2 enhances hippocampal-dependent cognitive function

Project description:DNA methylation has emerged as a critical modulator of neuronal plasticity and cognitive function. Notwithstanding, the role of enzymes that demethylate DNA remain to be fully explored. Here, we report that loss of ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (Tet2), which catalyzes oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), in adult neurons enhances cognitive function. In the adult mouse hippocampus, we detected an enrichment of Tet2 in neurons. Viral-mediated neuronal overexpression and RNA interference of Tet2 altered dendritic complexity and synaptic-plasticity-related gene expression in vitro. Overexpression of neuronal Tet2 in adult hippocampus, and loss of Tet2 in adult glutamatergic neurons, resulted in differential hydroxymethylation associated with genes involved in synaptic transmission. Functionally, overexpression of neuronal Tet2 impaired hippocampal-dependent memory, while loss of neuronal Tet2 enhanced memory. Ultimately, these data identify neuronal Tet2 as a molecular target to boost cognitive function.

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LOSS OF NEURONAL TET2 ENHANCES HIPPOCAMPAL-DEPENDENT COGNITIVE FUNCTION

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hMeDIP-Seq of Tet2 knockout hippocampal neurons

Project description:hMeDIP-Seq of Tet2 knockout hippocampal neurons

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hMeDIP-Seq of Tet2 overexpressing hippocampal neurons

Project description:hMeDIP-Seq of Tet2 overexpressing hippocampal neurons

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14-3-3 protects AMPK phosphorylated TET2 from dephosphorylation by PP2A

Project description:Ten-eleven translocation-2 (TET2) is a member of the methylcytosine dioxygenase family of enzymes implicated in cancer and in aging due to its role as a global epigenetic modifier. TET2 has a large N-terminal domain followed by a catalytic C-terminal. Previous reports have demonstrated that the catalytic domain remains active independent of the N-terminal domain. As such, the function of the N-terminus of this large protein remains poorly characterized. Here, we identify that several isoforms of the 14-3-3 family of proteins bind TET2. 14-3-3s bind TET2 when phosphorylated at serine 99 (S99). AMPK-mediated phosphorylation at S99 promotes TET2 stability and increases global DNA 5-hydroxymethylcytosine. 14-3-3s’ interaction with TET2 serves to protect S99 phosphorylation. Disruption of this interaction leads to both reduced TET2 phosphorylation and decreased protein stability. Furthermore, we identify that the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) can interact with TET2 and dephosphorylates S99. Collectively, our study provides novel insights into the role of the N-terminal domain in TET2 regulation. Moreover, they demonstrate the dynamic nature of TET2 protein regulation that could have therapeutic implications for disease states resulting from reduced TET2 levels and/or activity.

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A Negative Feedback Loop Between TET2 and Leptin in Adipocyte Regulates Body Weight

Project description:Ten-eleven translocation (TET) 2 is an enzyme that catalyzes DNA demethylation to regulate gene expression by oxidizing 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, functioning as an essential epigenetic regulator in various biological processes. However, the regulation and function of TET2 in adipocytes during obesity are poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that leptin, a key adipokine in mammalian energy homeostasis regulation, suppresses adipocyte TET2 levels via JAK2-STAT3 signaling. Adipocyte Tet2 deficiency protects against high-fat diet-induced weight gain by reducing leptin levels and further improving leptin sensitivity. By interacting with C/EBPα, adipocyte TET2 increases the hydroxymethylcytosine levels of the leptin gene promoter, thereby promoting leptin gene expression. A decrease in adipose TET2 is associated with obesity-related hyperleptinemia in humans. Inhibition of TET2 suppresses the production of leptin in mature human adipocytes.Our findings support the existence of a negative feedback loop between TET2 and leptin in adipocytes and reveal a novel compensatory mechanism for the body to counteract the metabolic dysfunction caused by obesity.

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Loss of TET2 results in DNA methylation changes in mouse GC B-cells (hMeDIP-Seq data set)

Project description:Absence of Tet2 at mouse cells results in loss of hydroxymethylcytosine

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Project description:The tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2) enzyme catalyzes the conversion of the modified DNA base 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine. TET2 is frequently mutated or dysregulated in multiple human cancers, and loss of TET2 is associated with changes in DNA methylation patterns. Here, using newly developed TET2-specific antibodies and the estrogen response as a model system for studying the regulation of gene expression, we demonstrate that endogenous TET2 occupies active enhancers and facilitates the proper recruitment of ERalpha. Knockout of TET2 by CRISPR-CAS9 leads to a global increase of DNA-methylation at enhancers resulting in attenuation of the estrogen response. We further identified a positive feedback loop between TET2 and ERalpha, which further requires MLL3/COMPASS at these enhancers. Together, this study reveals an epigenetic axis coordinating a transcriptional program through enhancer activation via DNA demethylation.

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