RNA-seq and DIP-seq analysis of DNMTs mutant mESCs
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE199124 | GEO | 2023/01/01
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:DNA methylation plays a critical role in development, particularly in repressing retrotransposons. The mammalian methylation landscape is dependent on the combined activities of the canonical maintenance enzyme Dnmt1 and the de novo Dnmts, 3a and 3b. Here we demonstrate that Dnmt1 displays de novo methylation activity in vitro and in vivo with specific retrotransposon targeting. We used whole-genome bisulfite and long-read Nanopore sequencing in genetically engineered methylation depleted embryonic stem cells to provide an in-depth assessment and quantification of this activity. Utilizing additional knockout lines and molecular characterization, we show that Dnmt1's de novo methylation activity depends on Uhrf1 and its genomic recruitment overlaps with targets that enrich for Trim28 and H3K9 trimethylation. Our data demonstrate that Dnmt1 can de novo add and maintain DNA methylation, especially at retrotransposons and that this mechanism may provide additional stability for long-term repression and epigenetic propagation throughout development.
2021-06-29 | PXD025736 | Pride
Project description:We engineered combinatorial knock-in of human DNMTs in Komagataella phaffii, a yeast species lacking endogenous DNA methylation, to characterize methylation preferences and functional consequences of individual de-novo DNMTs as well as their combinations. Methylation preferences were determined through whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) experiments. Effects of knock-in on gene expression were determined by RNA-seq. Measurements of genome-wide methylation produced by distinct de-novo DNMTs permitted determination of methylation preferences and aversions specific to individual DNMTs. Combining methylation and gene expression data provided insight about cellular response to the stress of DNA methylation and about the association between gene methylation patterns and changes in transcriptional output.
2020-02-28 | GSE139062 | GEO
Project description:We engineered combinatorial knock-in of human DNMTs in Komagataella phaffii, a yeast species lacking endogenous DNA methylation, to characterize methylation preferences and functional consequences of individual de-novo DNMTs as well as their combinations. Methylation preferences were determined through whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) experiments. Effects of knock-in on gene expression were determined by RNA-seq. Measurements of genome-wide methylation produced by distinct de-novo DNMTs permitted determination of methylation preferences and aversions specific to individual DNMTs. Combining methylation and gene expression data provided insight about cellular response to the stress of DNA methylation and about the association between gene methylation patterns and changes in transcriptional output.
2020-02-28 | GSE139060 | GEO
Project description:DNA methylation plays a critical role in development, particularly in silencing transposable elements. Conserved across mammals, the methylation landscape is dependent on the combined activities of the canonical maintenance enzyme Dnmt1 and the de novo Dnmts 3a and 3b. Here we demonstrate that Dnmt1 displays clear de novo activity in vitro and in vivo and is specifically directed to IAP retrotransposons. We provide an indepth characterization using whole genome bisulfite sequencing and long-read Nanopore sequencing in genetically engineered methylation depleted embryonic stem cells. Further using additional knockout and MassSpec experiments we show that Dnmt1’s de novo methylation activity is dependent on Uhrf1 and its genomic targeting linked to Trim28 and H3K9 trimethylation. Our data suggest that Dnmt1 is essential for adding and maintaining DNA methylation especially at IAPs and that this mechanism may be of physiological relevance for retrotransposon repression during certain phases of development.
2021-06-18 | GSE158460 | GEO
Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below. DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification associated with transcriptional repression of promoters and is essential for mammalian development. Establishment of DNA methylation is mediated by the de novo DNA methyltransferases DNMT3A and DNMT3B, whereas DNMT1 ensures maintenance of methylation through replication. Absence of these enzymes is lethal, and somatic mutations in these genes have been associated with several human diseases. How genomic DNA methylation patterns are regulated remains poorly understood, as the mechanisms that guide recruitment and activity of DNMTs in vivo are largely unknown. To gain insights into this matter we determined chromosomal binding and site-specific activity of the mammalian de novo DNA methyltransferases DNMT3A and DNMT3B. We show that both enzymes localize to methylated, CpG dense regions in mouse stem cells, yet are excluded from active promoters and enhancers. By specifically measuring sites of de novo methylation, we observe that enzymatic activity reflects chromosomal binding. De novo methylation increases with CpG density, yet is excluded from nucleosomes. Notably, we observed selective binding of DNMT3B to the bodies of transcribed genes, which leads to their preferential methylation. This targeting to transcribed sequences requires SETD2-mediated methylation of lysine 36 on histone H3 and a functional PWWP domain of DNMT3B. Together these findings reveal how sequence and chromatin cues guide de novo methyltransferase activity to ensure methylome integrity. Refer to individual Series
2015-01-22 | E-GEOD-57413 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification associated with transcriptional repression of promoters and is essential for mammalian development. Establishment of DNA methylation is mediated by the de novo DNA methyltransferases DNMT3A and DNMT3B, whereas DNMT1 ensures maintenance of methylation through replication. Absence of these enzymes is lethal, and somatic mutations in these genes have been associated with several human diseases. How genomic DNA methylation patterns are regulated remains poorly understood, as the mechanisms that guide recruitment and activity of DNMTs in vivo are largely unknown. To gain insights into this matter we determined chromosomal binding and site-specific activity of the mammalian de novo DNA methyltransferases DNMT3A and DNMT3B. We show that both enzymes localize to methylated, CpG dense regions in mouse stem cells, yet are excluded from active promoters and enhancers. By specifically measuring sites of de novo methylation, we observe that enzymatic activity reflects chromosomal binding. De novo methylation increases with CpG density, yet is excluded from nucleosomes. Notably, we observed selective binding of DNMT3B to the bodies of transcribed genes, which leads to their preferential methylation. This targeting to transcribed sequences requires SETD2-mediated methylation of lysine 36 on histone H3 and a functional PWWP domain of DNMT3B. Together these findings reveal how sequence and chromatin cues guide de novo methyltransferase activity to ensure methylome integrity. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing for Dnmt1,3a,3b-triple-KO ES cells expressing DNMT3A2 or DNMT3B1 and for Dnmt1,3a,3b,Setd2-KO ES cells expressing DNMT3B1
2015-01-20 | E-GEOD-57411 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The DNA methylation program is at the bottom layer of the epigenetic regulatory cascade of vertebrate development. While the methylation at C-5 position of the cytosine (C) residues on the vertebrate genomes is achieved through the catalytic activities of the DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), the conversion of the methylated cytosine (5mC) could be accomplished by the combined actions of the TET enzyme and DNA repair. Interestingly, it has been found recently that the mouse and human DNMTs also possess active DNA demethylation activity in vitro in a Ca2+- and redox condition-dependent manner. We report here the study of tracking down the fate of the methyl group removed from 5mC on DNA during in vitro demethylation reaction by mouse de novo DNMTs, i.e. DNMT3A and DNMT3B. Remarkably, the methyl group becomes covalently linked to the catalytic cysteines utilized by the two de novo DNMTs in their DNA methylation reactions. Thus, the forward and reverse reactions of DNA methylations by the DNMTs may utilize the same cysteine residue(s) as the active site despite of their distinctive pathways. Secondly, we demonstrate that active DNA demethylation of a heavily methylated GFP reporter plasmid by ectopically expressed DNMT3A or DNMT3B occurs in vivo in transfected human HEK 293 cells in culture. Furthermore, the extent of DNA demethylation by the DNMTs in this cell-based system is affected by Ca2+ homeostasis as well as by mutation of their putative active cysteines. These findings substantiate the roles of the vertebrate DNMTs as double-edged swords in DNA methylation-demethylation in vitro as well as in a cellular context.
2022-02-24 | PXD003401 | Pride
Project description:DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification associated with transcriptional repression of promoters and is essential for mammalian development. Establishment of DNA methylation is mediated by the de novo DNA methyltransferases DNMT3A and DNMT3B, whereas DNMT1 ensures maintenance of methylation through replication. Absence of these enzymes is lethal, and somatic mutations in these genes have been associated with several human diseases. How genomic DNA methylation patterns are regulated remains poorly understood, as the mechanisms that guide recruitment and activity of DNMTs in vivo are largely unknown. To gain insights into this matter we determined chromosomal binding and site-specific activity of the mammalian de novo DNA methyltransferases DNMT3A and DNMT3B. We show that both enzymes localize to methylated, CpG dense regions in mouse stem cells, yet are excluded from active promoters and enhancers. By specifically measuring sites of de novo methylation, we observe that enzymatic activity reflects chromosomal binding. De novo methylation increases with CpG density, yet is excluded from nucleosomes. Notably, we observed selective binding of DNMT3B to the bodies of transcribed genes, which leads to their preferential methylation. This targeting to transcribed sequences requires SETD2-mediated methylation of lysine 36 on histone H3 and a functional PWWP domain of DNMT3B. Together these findings reveal how sequence and chromatin cues guide de novo methyltransferase activity to ensure methylome integrity. Genome-wide binding analysis for biotin-tagged DNMT3A2 and DNMT3B and variants in wild type ES, wild type neuroprogenitor cells, ES cells triple-KO for Dnmt1,3a,3b and ES cell mutant for Setd2
2015-01-20 | E-GEOD-57412 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Localisation of CpG methylation in yeast expressing murine DNMTS Genomic DNA was purified from a control strain and a strain expressing murine DNMTs
2020-09-30 | E-MTAB-9356 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:DNA methylation plays important roles in foreign DNA defense, mismatch repair, and gene regulation in prokaryotic genomes. Existing methods for DNA methylation detection using next-generation sequencing (NGS) are incapable of simultaneously detecting multiple types of DNA methylation. Here, we present nitrite treatment followed by sequencing (NT-seq), a sequencing method to simultaneously detect adenine and cytosine methylation. We demonstrated that NT-seq reliably detects three types of methylation motifs in E. coli and H. pylori genomes. We further applied NT-seq to a microbial community standard for de novo methylation motif discovery. Finally, by coupling methyl DNA immunoprecipitation and NT-seq (DIP-NT-seq), we showed that 6mA could be accurately mapped at single-base resolution in the bacterial and eukaryotic genomes. NT-seq thus provides a simple and reliable solution for detecting multiple types of DNA methylations.
2022-05-12 | GSE184373 | GEO