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Single-cell Transcriptome Analyses Reveal Unique Microglia Types Associated with Retinal Pathological Angiogenesis

ABSTRACT: We used single cell RNA-seq to comprehensively map all retinal microglia populations in a mouse model of oxygen-induced PR. We unveiled several unique types of PR-associated microglia (PRAM) and identified markers, signaling pathways, and regulons associated with these cells. Among these microglial subpopulations, we found a highly proliferative subset of cells with a high self-renewal capacity and a subset of cells with hypermetabolism that expresses high levels of activating microglia markers, glycolytic enzymes, and pro-angiogenic insulin-like growth factor 1. Immunohistochemical staining shows that PRAMs were spatially located within neovascular tufts. These unique microglial subtypes have the potential to promote retinal angiogenesis, which may have important implications for the future treatment of PR and other ocular diseases characterized by pathological angiogenesis.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE199792 | GEO | 2023/01/17

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Microglia colonize the brain parenchyma at early stages of development and accumulate in specific regions where they actively participate in cell death, angiogenesis, neurogenesis and synapse elimination. A recurring feature of embryonic microglial distribution is their association with developing axon tracts which, together with in vitro data, supports the idea of a physiological role for microglia in neurite development. Yet the demonstration of this role of microglia is still lacking. Here, we have studied the consequences of microglial dysfunction on the formation of the corpus callosum, the largest connective structure in the mammalian brain, which shows consistent microglial accumulation during development. We studied two models of microglial dysfunction: the loss-of-function of DAP12, a key microglial-specific signaling molecule, and a model of maternal inflammation by peritoneal injection of LPS at E15.5. We performed transcriptional profiling of maternally inflamed and Dap12-mutant microglia at E17.5. We found that both treatments principally down-regulated genes involved in nervous system development and function, particularly in neurite formation. We then analyzed the functional consequences of these microglial dysfunctions on the formation of the corpus callosum. We also took advantage of the Pu.1-/- mouse line, which is devoid of microglia. We now show that all three models of altered microglial activity resulted in the same defasciculation phenotype. Our study demonstrates that microglia are actively involved in the fasciculation of corpus callosum axons. To investigate possible roles for microglial during brain development, we challenged microglial function by two complementary approaches. First, we induced maternal inflammation by peritoneal injection of LPS into pregnant dams. Next, we analyzed the consequences of a loss of function of DAP12, a signaling molecule specifically expressed in microglia that is crucial for several aspects of microglia biology (references in Wakselman et al., 2008). We compared the gene expression profiles of microglia from control, maternally-inflamed by LPS (MI), and Dap12-mutated embryos. We isolated RNA from FACS sorted maternally inflamed (by LPS) and Dap12-mutant microglia at E17.5 pooled per pregnant dam; as a control we included PBS treated and untreated (UT) microglia. We compared gene expression between maternally inflamed microlgia (PBSvsLPS) and DAP12-mutant microglia (UTvsDAP12KO).

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Single-cell Transcriptome Analyses Reveal Unique Microglia Types Associated with Retinal Pathological Angiogenesis

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