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Gene expression profiling of whole blood in patients with severe leptospirosis

ABSTRACT: Background: Leptospirosis is a global zoonotic infectious disease with various clinical manifestations ranging from mild self-limiting illness to life-threatening infection with multi-organ damage. This study was aimed at investigating transcription profiles from whole blood samples of patients with leptospirosis and identifying genes as novel biomarkers for predicting severe leptospirosis. Methods: In a discovery cohort, 12 serum samples of patients with severe and non-severe leptospirosis at initial clinical presentation were selected for gene expression profiling using the NanoString nCounter PanCancer IO 360 gene expression panel. In a validated cohort of 99 samples, top candidate genes were selected and further tested by qRT-PCR in whole blood samples of 30 and 69 individuals with severe and non-severe leptospirosis, respectively. Results: The discovery set identified 20 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among the two groups. The top three down-regulated candidate genes including programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1), interleukin 4 (IL4), and nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) were selected and further validated. In the validated cohort, PDCD1 levels were significantly lower in the severe group compared with the non-severe group(Stats?). Based on the ROC analysis, PDCD1 levels could discriminate between the severe and non-severe groups. Additionally , PDCD1 levels displayed good predictive power of subsequent pulmonary hemorrhage with an AUROC of 0.86 (95% CI;0.76-0.96, p = 0.007). PDCD1 also emerged as an independent prognostic factor of severe leptospirosis in the multivariate regression analysis.. Conclusion: Our data indicated that whole blood gene expression profiles were significantly different between the severe and non-severe leptospirosis groups. PDCD1 expression levels at presentation could potentially serve as a biomarker for predicting severe leptospirosis.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE200188 | GEO | 2025/04/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Gene expression profiling of whole blood in patients with severe leptospirosis

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