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Regulation of human trophoblast gene expression by endogenous retroviruses [CUT&TAG]

ABSTRACT: The placenta is a fast-evolving organ that displays large morphological and histological differences across eutherians, but the genetic changes driving placental evolution have not been fully elucidated. Transposable elements, through their capacity to quickly generate genetic variation and affect host gene regulation, may have helped to define species-specific trophoblast gene expression programmes. Here were assessed the contribution of transposable elements to human trophoblast gene expression by acting as enhancers or promoters. Using epigenomic data from primary trophoblast and human stem cell lines, we identified multiple endogenous retrovirus families with regulatory potential that lie close to genes with preferential trophoblast expression. These largely primate-specific elements are associated with inter-species gene expression differences, and are bound by transcription factors with key roles in placental development. Using genetic editing we demonstrated that several elements act as expression enhancers of important placental genes, such as CSF1R and PSG5. We also identified an LTR10A element that regulates ENG expression, affecting trophoblast migration and secretion of soluble ENG, with potential implications for preeclampsia. Our data show that transposons have made important contributions to human trophoblast gene regulation, and suggest that their activity may affect pregnancy outcomes.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE200761 | GEO | 2022/04/15

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Regulation of human trophoblast gene expression by endogenous retroviruses [RNA-seq]

Project description:The placenta is a fast-evolving organ that displays large morphological and histological differences across eutherians, but the genetic changes driving placental evolution have not been fully elucidated. Transposable elements, through their capacity to quickly generate genetic variation and affect host gene regulation, may have helped to define species-specific trophoblast gene expression programmes. Here were assessed the contribution of transposable elements to human trophoblast gene expression by acting as enhancers or promoters. Using epigenomic data from primary trophoblast and human stem cell lines, we identified multiple endogenous retrovirus families with regulatory potential that lie close to genes with preferential trophoblast expression. These largely primate-specific elements are associated with inter-species gene expression differences, and are bound by transcription factors with key roles in placental development. Using genetic editing we demonstrated that several elements act as expression enhancers of important placental genes, such as CSF1R and PSG5. We also identified an LTR10A element that regulates ENG expression, affecting trophoblast migration and secretion of soluble ENG, with potential implications for preeclampsia. Our data show that transposons have made important contributions to human trophoblast gene regulation, and suggest that their activity may affect pregnancy outcomes.

2022-04-15 | GSE200762 | GEO

Regulation of human trophoblast gene expression by endogenous retroviruses [CUT&RUN]

2022-04-15 | GSE200760 | GEO

Regulation of human trophoblast gene expression by endogenous retroviruses [ChIP-seq]

2022-04-15 | GSE200759 | GEO

Peptide profiling of laser microdissected human trophoblast subtypes during the second trimester

Project description:Human placental architecture is complex. Its surface epithelium, specialized for transport, forms by fusion of cytotrophoblast progenitors into multinucleated syncytiotrophoblasts. Near the uterine surface, these progenitors assume a different fate, becoming cancer like cells that invade its lining and blood vessels. The latter process physically connects the placenta to the mother and shunts uterine blood to the syncytiotrophoblasts. Isolation of trophoblast subtypes is technically challenging. Upon removal, syncytiotrophoblasts disintegrate and invasive cytotrophoblasts are admixed with uterine cells. We used laser capture to circumvent these obstacles. This enabled isolation of syncytiotrophoblasts and two subpopulations of invasive cytotrophoblasts; cell column and endovascular. Transcriptional profiling revealed numerous genes whose placental or trophoblast expression was not known, including neurotensin and C4ORF36. Using mass spectrometry, discovery of differentially expressed mRNAs was extended to the protein level. We also found that invasive cytotrophoblasts expressed cannabinoid receptor 1. Unexpectedly, screening agonists and antagonists showed signals from this receptor promote invasion. Together these results revealed novel gene expression patterns that translate to the protein level. Our data also suggested that endogenous and exogenous cannabinoids can affect human placental development.

2020-08-21 | MSV000085995 | MassIVE

Environmental Stressors Impact Placentation Through Actions On Trophoblast, Immune, and Endothelial Cell Dynamics

Project description:Our environment is replete with chemicals that can affect embryonic and extraembryonic development. Dioxins, such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD), are compounds affecting development through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). TCDD exposures can lead to placental adaptations and at higher doses pregnancy termination. Deep intrauterine endovascular trophoblast cell invasion was a prominent placentation site adaptation to TCDD. TCDD-mediated placental adaptations were dependent upon maternal AHR signaling but not placental or fetal AHR nor the presence of a prominent AHR target, cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1). At the placentation site, TCDD stimulated CYP1A1 transcription within endothelial cells but not trophoblast cells. Immune and trophoblast cell behaviors at the uterine-placental interface were guided by the actions of TCDD on endothelial cells. In summary, we have identified an AHR regulatory pathway activated by environmental stressors affecting uterine and trophoblast cell dynamics and the formation of the hemochorial placenta.

2021-06-18 | GSE178407 | GEO

ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSORS IMPACT PLACENTATION THROUGH ACTIONS ON TROPHOBLAST, IMMUNE , AND ENDOTHELIAL CELL DYNAMICS [scRNA-Seq]

2021-11-30 | GSE166659 | GEO

ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSORS IMPACT PLACENTATION THROUGH ACTIONS ON TROPHOBLAST, IMMUNE , AND ENDOTHELIAL CELL DYNAMICS [RNA-Seq]

2021-11-30 | GSE166604 | GEO

The Gag Protein PEG10 Binds to RNA and Regulates Trophoblast Stem Cell Lineage Specification

Project description:Peg10 (paternally expressed gene 10) is an imprinted gene that is essential for placental development (1). It is thought to derive from a Ty3-gyspy LTR (long terminal repeat) retrotransposon and retains Gag and Pol-like domains (2). Here we show that the Gag domain of PEG10 can promote vesicle budding similar to the HIV p24 Gag protein. Expressed in a subset of mouse endocrine organs in addition to the placenta, PEG10 was identified as a substrate of the deubiquitinating enzyme USP9X. Consistent with PEG10 having a critical role in placental development, PEG10-deficient trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) exhibited impaired differentiation into placental lineages. PEG10 expressed in wild-type, differentiating TSCs was bound to many cellular RNAs including Hbegf (Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor), which is known to play an important role in placentation (3). Expression of Hbegf was reduced in PEG10-deficient TSCs suggesting that PEG10 might bind to and stabilize RNAs that are critical for normal placental development.

2018-12-14 | MSV000083229 | MassIVE

Diferential gene expression in Trophoblast cell cultures

Project description:The syncytiotrophoblast develops as a result of the fusion of placental villous cytotrophoblast cells. These multinuclear cells are essential for fetal-maternal exchange and production of pregnancy-related hormones. Placental deficiency is considered a major risk factor associated with intrauterine growth restriction and preeclampsia. Better understanding of placental patho-physiology requires knowledge on gene expression regulation involved in trophoblast differentiation. Using the well-established in vitro trophoblast differentiation model, we have performed a microarray analysis on mRNA expression in trophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast cell cultures. Dramatic changes in gene expression patterns were detected during trophoblast differentiation. As many as 3524 novel and known genes are found to be up- or down regulated for more than 2-fold. Real-time PCR analysis of a group of genes confirmed the reliability of the microarray data. Overall, this study provided a global view on the molecular events underlying trophoblast differentiation. Subsequent characterization on regulation and function of the identified genes may lead to discovery of new pathways important for placental differentiation and function. Keywords: Trophoblast culture cells

2006-05-10 | GSE4100 | GEO

Single-cell atlas of patient-derived trophoblast organoids (TO) in on-going pregnancies.

Project description:Trophoblast organoids (TOs) hold great promise for elucidating human placental development and function. By deriving TOs in on-going pregnancies using chorionic villus sampling (CVS), we established a platform to study trophoblast differentiation and function in early pregnancy, including pregnancies with different fetal genetic abnormalities. We addressed cellular heterogeneity of CVS-derived TOs by providing a single-cell transcriptomic atlas and show that CVS-TOs recapitulate key aspects of the human placenta, including syncytial fusion and hormone synthesis. This study demonstrates the utility of trophoblast organoids for investigating genetic defects in the placenta and describes an experimental platform for future personalized placental medicine approaches, including genotype-phenotype mapping.

2022-10-01 | GSE211429 | GEO

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