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The Class VIII myosin ATM1 is integral for root apical meristem function

ABSTRACT: Myosins are evolutionarily conserved motor proteins that interact with actin filaments to regulate organelle transport, cytoplasmic streaming and cell growth. Plant specific Class XI myosin proteins direct cell division and root organogenesis. However, the roles of Class VIII myosin proteins in plant growth and development are less understood. Here, we investigated the function of an auxin-regulated Class VIII myosin, Arabidopsis thaliana Myosin 1 (ATM1), using genetics and live cell microscopy. ATM1 is a plasmodesmata-localized protein that is enriched in actively dividing cells in the root apical meristem (RAM). Loss of ATM1 function results in impaired primary root growth due to decreased RAM size and reduced cell proliferation in a sugar dependent manner. Examination of stem cell marker line expression in atm1-1 indicated impaired division of the lateral root cap and columella cells and a diminished auxin response. Transcriptome analysis of atm1-1 linked these growth defects to dysregulation of cell cycle and auxin pathway genes. Complementation of ATM1 loss-of- function mutant restored root growth and cell cycle progression in the root meristem. Collectively, these results provide novel evidence that ATM1 functions to influence cell proliferation and differentiation in primary roots in response to auxin and sugar cues.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

PROVIDER: GSE200917 | GEO | 2023/06/08

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:This model is from the article: The influence of cytokinin-auxin cross-regulation on cell-fate determination in Arabidopsis thaliana root development Muraro D, Byrne H, King J, Voss U, Kieber J, Bennett M. J Theor Biol.2011 Aug 21;283(1):152-67. PMID: 21640126, Abstract: Root growth and development in Arabidopsis thaliana are sustained by a specialised zone termed the meristem, which contains a population of dividing and differentiating cells that are functionally analogous to a stem cell niche in animals. The hormones auxin and cytokinin control meristem size antagonistically. Local accumulation of auxin promotes cell division and the initiation of a lateral root primordium. By contrast, high cytokinin concentrations disrupt the regular pattern of divisions that characterises lateral root development, and promote differentiation. The way in which the hormones interact is controlled by a genetic regulatory network. In this paper, we propose a deterministic mathematical model to describe this network and present model simulations that reproduce the experimentally observed effects of cytokinin on the expression of auxin regulated genes. We show how auxin response genes and auxin efflux transporters may be affected by the presence of cytokinin. We also analyse and compare the responses of the hormones auxin and cytokinin to changes in their supply with the responses obtained by genetic mutations of SHY2, which encodes a protein that plays a key role in balancing cytokinin and auxin regulation of meristem size. We show that although shy2 mutations can qualitatively reproduce the effect of varying auxin and cytokinin supply on their response genes, some elements of the network respond differently to changes in hormonal supply and to genetic mutations, implying a different, general response of the network. We conclude that an analysis based on the ratio between these two hormones may be misleading and that a mathematical model can serve as a useful tool for stimulate further experimental work by predicting the response of the network to changes in hormone levels and to other genetic mutations.

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The Class VIII myosin ATM1 is integral for root apical meristem function

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