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Fatty acid oxidation protects cancer cells from apoptosis through increasing mitochondrial membrane lipids [STAT3]

ABSTRACT: Overcoming resistance to chemotherapies remains a major unmet need for cancers such as triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Therefore, mechanistic studies to provide insight for drug development are urgently needed to overcome TNBC therapy resistance. Recently, an important role of fatty acid β-Oxidation (FAO) in chemoresistance has been shown. But how FAO might mitigate tumor cell apoptosis by chemotherapy is unclearknown. Here, we show that elevated FAO activates STAT3 by acetylation via elevated acetyl-CoA. Acetylated STAT3 upregulates expression of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL4), resulting in increased phospholipid synthesis. Elevating phospholipids in mitochondrial membranes leads to heightened mitochondrial integrity, which in turn overcomes chemotherapy-induced tumor cell apoptosis. Conversely, in both cultured tumor cells and xenograft tumors, enhanced cancer cell apoptosis by inhibiting ASCL4 or specifically targeting acetylated-STAT3 is associated with a reduction in phospholipids within mitochondrial membranes. This study demonstrates a critical mechanism underlying tumor cell chemoresistance.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE201051 | GEO | 2022/05/31

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Fatty acid oxidation protects cancer cells from apoptosis through increasing mitochondrial membrane lipids [PS-ac-peptide]

Project description:Overcoming resistance to chemotherapies remains a major unmet need for cancers such as triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Therefore, mechanistic studies to provide insight for drug development are urgently needed to overcome TNBC therapy resistance. Recently, an important role of fatty acid β-Oxidation (FAO) in chemoresistance has been shown. But how FAO might mitigate tumor cell apoptosis by chemotherapy is unclearknown. Here, we show that elevated FAO activates STAT3 by acetylation via elevated acetyl-CoA. Acetylated STAT3 upregulates expression of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL4), resulting in increased phospholipid synthesis. Elevating phospholipids in mitochondrial membranes leads to heightened mitochondrial integrity, which in turn overcomes chemotherapy-induced tumor cell apoptosis. Conversely, in both cultured tumor cells and xenograft tumors, enhanced cancer cell apoptosis by inhibiting ASCL4 or specifically targeting acetylated-STAT3 is associated with a reduction in phospholipids within mitochondrial membranes. This study demonstrates a critical mechanism underlying tumor cell chemoresistance.

2022-05-31 | GSE201052 | GEO

Fatty acid oxidation protects cancer cells from apoptosis through increasing mitochondrial membrane lipids

Project description:<p>Overcoming resistance to chemotherapies remains a major unmet need for cancers such as triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Therefore, mechanistic studies to provide insight for drug development are urgently needed to overcome TNBC therapy resistance. Recently, an important role of fatty acid β-Oxidation (FAO) in chemoresistance has been shown. But how FAO might mitigate tumor cell apoptosis by chemotherapy is unclear. Here, we show that elevated FAO activates STAT3 by acetylation via elevated acetyl-CoA. Acetylated STAT3 upregulates expression of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL4), resulting in increased phospholipid synthesis. Elevating phospholipids in mitochondrial membranes leads to heightened mitochondrial integrity, which in turn overcomes chemotherapy-induced tumor cell apoptosis. Conversely, in both cultured tumor cells and xenograft tumors, enhanced cancer cell apoptosis by inhibiting ASCL4 or specifically targeting acetylated-STAT3 is associated with a reduction in phospholipids within mitochondrial membranes. This study demonstrates a critical mechanism underlying tumor cell chemoresistance.</p>

2022-05-31 | MTBLS4709 | MetaboLights

Induction of fatty acid oxidation underlies DNA damage-induced cell death and ameliorates obesity-driven chemoresistance

Project description:The DNA damage response is essential for preserving genome integrity and eliminating damaged cells. Although cellular metabolism plays a central role in cell fate decision between proliferation, survival or death, the metabolic response to DNA damage remains largely obscure. Here, we show that DNA damage induces fatty acid oxidation (FAO), which is required for DNA damage-induced cell death. Mechanistically, FAO induction increases cellular acetyl-CoA levels and promotes N-alpha-acetylation of caspase-2, leading to cell death. Whereas chemotherapy increases FAO related genes through PPARα, accelerated hypoxia-inducible factor-1α stabilization by tumor cells in obese mice impedes the upregulation of FAO, which contributes to its chemoresistance. Finally, we find that improving FAO by PPARα activation ameliorates obesity-driven chemoresistance and enhances the outcomes of chemotherapy in obese mice. These findings reveal the shift toward FAO induction is an important metabolic response to DNA damage and may provide effective therapeutic strategies for cancer patients with obesity.

2024-03-20 | GSE208632 | GEO

Increased cardiac fatty acid oxidation in a mouse model with decreased malonyl-CoA sensitivity of CPT1B

Project description:Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is an important energy provider for cardiac work and changes in cardiac substrate preference are associated with different heart diseases. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (CPT1B) is thought to perform the rate limiting enzyme step in FAO and is inhibited by malonyl-CoA. The role of CPT1B in cardiac metabolism has been addressed by inhibiting or decreasing CPT1B protein or after modulation of tissue malonyl-CoA metabolism. We assessed the role of CPT1B malonyl-CoA sensitivity in cardiac metabolism.

2021-04-26 | GSE173256 | GEO

Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Obstructs CD8+ T-Cell Lipid Utilization in the Tumor Microenvironment

Project description:The solid tumor microenvironment (TME) imprints a compromised metabolic state in tumor infiltrating T cells (TILs) hallmarked by the inability to maintain effective energy synthesis for antitumor function and survival. T cells in the TME must catabolize lipids via mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) to supply energy in nutrient stress, and it is established that T cells enriched in FAO are adept at cancer control. However, endogenous TILs and unmodified cellular therapy products fail to sustain bioenergetics in tumors. Using patient samples and mouse models, we reveal that the solid TME imposes perpetual acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) activity, invoking lipid biogenesis and storage in TILs that directly opposes FAO. Using metabolic, lipidomic, and confocal imaging strategies, we find that restricting ACC rewires T cell metabolism, enabling energy maintenance in TME stress. Moreover, limiting ACC activity potentiates a gene and phenotypic program indicative of T cell longevity, engendering T cells with increased survival and polyfunctionality, with the ability to control solid cancer.

2024-05-20 | PXD048393 | Pride

Skeletal muscle mRNA expression in 25 mice with or without genetic defects of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (Acadl and Acadvl knockout) using RNA sequencing.

Project description:A mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid oxidation defect leads to dysregulation of plasma long-chain acyl carnitines, dysregulation of plasma amino acids, and an increased reliance on glucocorticoid signaling to maintain euglycemia during fasting. [muscle] Skeletal muscle tissue relies on products of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) during conditions of metabolic stress: fasting, prolonged exercise, febrile illness. Fasting-induced hypoglycemia and rhabdomyolysis are characteristic features of FAO disorders including very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency (VLCADD). However, the pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie the connection between FAO dysfunction and skeletal muscle dysfunction are not known. Here, we investigated the transcriptional response in skeletal muscle tissue (gastrocnemius) to the FAO defect in a model of VLCADD: the long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD) knockout (KO) mouse. We found that differentially expressed genes in the muscle were associated with molecular networks annotated for the cellular response to starvation from population-based models. To validate the association between the starvation response and FAO, we pharmacologically inhibited both glucocorticoid signaling and FAO in a model of fasting and observed that mice depleted in both pathways lost less weight during fasting and became hypoglycemic. These findings implicate glucocorticoid signaling as a candidate modifier of the cellular response to starvation in muscle tissue in the context of FAO disorders including VLCADD.

2024-10-26 | GSE186648 | GEO

Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Obstructs CD8+ T-Cell Lipid Utilization in the Tumor Microenvironment

Project description:The solid tumor microenvironment (TME) imprints a compromised metabolic state in tumor infiltrating T cells (TILs) hallmarked by the inability to maintain effective energy synthesis for antitumor function and survival. T cells in the TME must catabolize lipids via mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) to supply energy in nutrient stress, and it is established that T cells enriched in FAO are adept at cancer control.However, endogenous TILs and unmodified cellular therapy products fail to sustain bioenergetics in tumors. Using patient samples and mouse models, we reveal that the solid TME imposes perpetual acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) activity, invoking lipid biogenesis and storage in TILs that directly opposes FAO. Using metabolic, lipidomic, and confocal imaging strategies, we find that restricting ACC rewires T cell metabolism, enabling energy maintenance in TME stress. Moreover, limiting ACC activity potentiates a gene and phenotypic program indicative of T cell longevity, engendering T cells with increased survival and polyfunctionality, with the ability to control solid cancer.

2024-03-05 | GSE254000 | GEO

SIRT3 SUMOylation confers AML chemoresistance via down-regulation of HES1 dependent fatty acid oxidation

Project description:SIRT3 deacetylase is a critical mitochondrial regulator for mitochondrial metabolism reprogramming and ROS production, and is involved in the regulation of chemoresistance in AML. SIRT3 is a SUMOylated protein, with de-SUMOylation by SENP1, resulted in enhancement of its deacetylase activity. However, the molecular mechanism of de-SUMOylation mediated SIRT3 activation, which may lead to reinforced AML chemoresistance, remains poorly understood. In the current study, we demonstrated that SIRT3 SUMOylation was attenuated by cytarabine, and de-SUMOylation prevented SIRT3 from proteasome degradation. SIRT3 de-SUMOylation was capable of reprogramming mitochondrial biogenesis, and subsequently inhibited mitochondrial ROS production. Furthermore, RNA-seq revealed that expression of a collection of genes was altered by SIRT3 de-SUMOylation, among which the transcription factor HES1, a downstream substrates of Notch1 signaling pathway, was significantly downregulated by SIRT3K288R, the de-SUMOylated and constitutively active mutant of SIRT3. HES1-dependent FAO was inhibited by SIRT3 de-SUMOylation. Moreover, cytarabine synergized with the SENP1 inhibitor momodrin-Ic to eradicate AML blasts in vitro and in xenografts mice models. In summary, the current study revealed a novel role of SIRT3 SUMOylation in regulating chemoresistance in AML via HES1-dependent FAO, which may provide a rationale for SIRT3 SUMOylation-targeted intervention to improve the chemotherapies in AML.

2022-08-17 | GSE179617 | GEO

Study target genes of STAT3

Project description:This study is to identify downstream genes regulated by STAT3 in response cytosolic acidification. Dysregulated intracellular pH is emerging as a hallmark of cancer. In spite of their acidic environment, cancer cells maintain alkaline intracellular pH (≥7.4) that promotes cancer progression by inhibiting apoptosis and increasing glycolysis, cell growth, migration and invasion. Here, we identify signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) as a key player in the maintenance of alkaline cytosolic pH. STAT3 associates with the vacuolar H+-ATPase on lysosomal membranes in a coiled coil domain-dependent manner and increases its activity in living cells and in vitro. Accordingly, STAT3 depletion disrupts intracellular proton equilibrium by decreasing and increasing cytosolic and lysosomal pH, respectively. This dysregulation can be reverted by reconstitution with wild type STAT3 as well as STAT3 mutants unable to activate target genes (Tyr-705-Phe and DNA binding mutant) or to regulate mitochondrial respiration (Ser-727-Ala). Upon cytosolic acidification, phospho-Tyr-705-STAT3 is rapidly dephosphorylated, transcriptionally inactivated and further recruited to lysosomal membranes to reestablish intracellular proton equilibrium and to enhance cell survival. These data reveal STAT3 as a regulator of intracellular pH, and vice versa intracellular pH as a regulator of STAT3 localization and activity.

2018-01-03 | GSE108495 | GEO

Liver mRNA expression in 25 mice with or without genetic defects of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (Acadl and Acadvl knockout) using RNA sequencing

Project description:full title: A mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid oxidation defect in a mouse model leads to dysregulation of plasma long-chain acylcarnitines, dysregulation of plasma amino acids, and an increased reliance on glucocorticoid signaling to maintain euglycemia during fasting. [liver] The liver is a major source of energy substrates during metabolic stress: fasting, prolonged exercise, febrile illness. Fasting-induced hypoglycemia is a characteristic feature of FAO disorders including very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency (VLCADD). However, the pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie the diversity of clinical presentation of FAO dysfunction are not known. Here, we investigated the transcriptional response in liver tissue to the FAO defect in a model of VLCADD: the long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD) knockout (KO) mouse. We found that differentially expressed genes from the liver were associated with molecular networks annotated for fatty acid oxidation and cholesterol biosynthesis from population-based networks.

2024-10-26 | GSE186613 | GEO

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