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Failure of digit tip regeneration in the absence of Lmx1b suggests Lmx1b functions disparate from dorsoventral polarity

ABSTRACT: Mammalian digit tip regeneration is linked to the presence of nail tissue, but a nail-explicit model is missing. Here, we report that nail-less double-ventral digits of ΔLARM1/2 mutants that lack limb-specific Lmx1b enhancers, fail to regenerate. To separate the nail’s effect from the lack of DV polarity, we also interrogate double-dorsal double-nail digits and show that they regenerate. Thus, DV polarity is not a prerequisite for regeneration and the nail requirement is supported. Transcriptomic comparison between wild-type and non-regenerative ΔLARM1/2 mutant blastemas reveals differential up-regulation of vascularization and connective tissue functional signatures in wild-type versus upregulation of inflammation in the mutant. These results, together with the finding of Lmx1b expression in the postnatal dorsal dermis underneath the nail and uniformly in the regenerative blastema opens the possibility of additional Lmx1b roles in the progression of digit tip regeneration, in addition to the indirect effect of mediating the formation of the nail.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE202223 | GEO | 2022/12/02

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Nail-associated mesenchymal cells contribute to and are essential for dorsal digit tip regeneration

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Project description:Mammalian digit-tip can regenerate upon amputation1-3, like amphibians. It is unknown why this capacity is limited to the area associated with the nail3-5. Here, we show that nail stem cells (NSCs) reside in the Wnt-suppressed proximal nail matrix and that the mechanisms governing NSC differentiation are directly coupled with their ability of orchestrating digit regeneration. Early nail progenitors located distal to the NCS region undergo Wnt-dependent differentiation into nail. Upon amputation, this Wnt activation is required for nail regeneration and also for attracting nerves that promote mesenchymal blastema growth, leading to regeneration of the entire digit. Amputations proximal to the Wnt-active nail progenitors result in failure to regenerate nail/digit. Nevertheless, β-catenin stabilization in the NSC region induced their regeneration. These results establish a link between NCS differentiation and digit regeneration, suggesting a utility of the NSCs in developing novel treatments for amputees.

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