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Failure of digit tip regeneration in the absence of Lmx1b suggests Lmx1b functions disparate from dorsoventral polarity

ABSTRACT: Mammalian digit tip regeneration is linked to the presence of nail tissue, but a nail-explicit model is missing. Here, we report that nail-less double-ventral digits of ΔLARM1/2 mutants that lack limb-specific Lmx1b enhancers, fail to regenerate. To separate the nail’s effect from the lack of DV polarity, we also interrogate double-dorsal double-nail digits and show that they regenerate. Thus, DV polarity is not a prerequisite for regeneration and the nail requirement is supported. Transcriptomic comparison between wild-type and non-regenerative ΔLARM1/2 mutant blastemas reveals differential up-regulation of vascularization and connective tissue functional signatures in wild-type versus upregulation of inflammation in the mutant. These results, together with the finding of Lmx1b expression in the postnatal dorsal dermis underneath the nail and uniformly in the regenerative blastema opens the possibility of additional Lmx1b roles in the progression of digit tip regeneration, in addition to the indirect effect of mediating the formation of the nail.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE202223 | GEO | 2022/12/02

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Failure of digit tip regeneration in the absence of Lmx1b suggests Lmx1b functions disparate from dorsoventral polarity

Project description:Failure of digit tip regeneration in the absence of Lmx1b suggests Lmx1b functions disparate from dorsoventral polarity

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Project description:Mammalian digit-tip can regenerate upon amputation1-3, like amphibians. It is unknown why this capacity is limited to the area associated with the nail3-5. Here, we show that nail stem cells (NSCs) reside in the Wnt-suppressed proximal nail matrix and that the mechanisms governing NSC differentiation are directly coupled with their ability of orchestrating digit regeneration. Early nail progenitors located distal to the NCS region undergo Wnt-dependent differentiation into nail. Upon amputation, this Wnt activation is required for nail regeneration and also for attracting nerves that promote mesenchymal blastema growth, leading to regeneration of the entire digit. Amputations proximal to the Wnt-active nail progenitors result in failure to regenerate nail/digit. Nevertheless, Î²-catenin stabilization in the NSC region induced their regeneration. These results establish a link between NCS differentiation and digit regeneration, suggesting a utility of the NSCs in developing novel treatments for amputees. Nail matrix cells were harvested from proximal and distal matrix region by microdissection and processed to RNA extraction and hybridization on Affymetrix microarrays. We analyzed two proximal and two distal matrix cells.

2013-03-27 | E-GEOD-45494 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Expression analysis of nail matrix in mouse.

Project description:Mammalian digit-tip can regenerate upon amputation1-3, like amphibians. It is unknown why this capacity is limited to the area associated with the nail3-5. Here, we show that nail stem cells (NSCs) reside in the Wnt-suppressed proximal nail matrix and that the mechanisms governing NSC differentiation are directly coupled with their ability of orchestrating digit regeneration. Early nail progenitors located distal to the NCS region undergo Wnt-dependent differentiation into nail. Upon amputation, this Wnt activation is required for nail regeneration and also for attracting nerves that promote mesenchymal blastema growth, leading to regeneration of the entire digit. Amputations proximal to the Wnt-active nail progenitors result in failure to regenerate nail/digit. Nevertheless, β-catenin stabilization in the NSC region induced their regeneration. These results establish a link between NCS differentiation and digit regeneration, suggesting a utility of the NSCs in developing novel treatments for amputees.

2013-03-27 | GSE45494 | GEO

The role of the gene Mest during mouse digit tip regeneration

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Acquisition of a unique mesenchymal precursor-like blastema state underlies successful adult mammalian digit tip regeneration

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Project description:Innate regeneration following digit tip amputation is one of the few examples of epimorphic regeneration in mammals. Digit tip regeneration is mediated by the blastema, the same structure invoked during limb regeneration in some lower vertebrates. By genetic lineage analyses in mice, the digit tip blastema has been defined as a population of heterogeneous, lineage restructed progenitor cells. These previous studies, however, do not comprehensively evaluate blastema heterogeneity or address lineage restruction of closely related cell types. Here we report single cell RNA sequencing of over 38,000 cells from mouse digit tip blastemas and unamputated control digit tips and generate an atlas of the cell types participating in digit tip regeneration.

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Single cell RNA sequencing of adult regenerating mouse digit tips

Project description:Innate regeneration following digit tip amputation is one of the few examples of epimorphic regeneration in mammals. Digit tip regeneration is mediated by the blastema, the same structure invoked during limb regeneration in some lower vertebrates. By genetic lineage analyses in mice, the digit tip blastema has been defined as a population of heterogeneous, lineage restructed progenitor cells. These previous studies, however, do not comprehensively evaluate blastema heterogeneity or address lineage restruction of closely related cell types. Here we report one additional single cell RNA sequencing sample (28 days post-amputation) to add to our already published 38,000 cells from mouse digit tip blastemas and unamputated control digit tips used to generate an atlas of the cell types participating in digit tip regeneration.

2024-07-03 | GSE267446 | GEO

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Project description:Lmx1b is a homeodomain transcription factor responsible for limb dorsalization. Despite striking double-ventral (loss-of-function) and double-dorsal (gain-of-function) limb phenotypes, no direct downstream gene targets in the limb have been confirmed. To determine direct targets of Lmx1b during limb dorsalization (E12.5), we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by next generation sequencing (ChIP-seq). Nearly 84% (n=617) of the Lmx1b-bound genomic fragments or intervals (LBIs) identified by two Lmx1b-ChIP-seqs overlap with chromatin regulatory marks indicative of potential cis-regulatory modules (PCRMs). In addition, 73 LBIs mapped to known cis-regulatory modules (CRMs) active during limb development. We compared Lmx1b-bound PCRMs to genes differentially expressed by Lmx1b at E12.5 and found 292 PCRMs within 1 Mb of 254 Lmx1b-regulated genes. Gene ontology analysis of these associated genes suggests that Lmx1b mediates dorsalization through the regulation of extracellular matrix production, bone/joint formation, axonal guidance, vascular development, cell proliferation and cell movement. We validated the functional activity of 2 PCRMs associated to Lmx1b-regulated genes, demonstrating activity and overlap with the associated gene during limb development. This is the first report to describe the genome-wide distribution of Lmx1b binding during limb development, directly linking Lmx1b to targets that accomplish limb dorsalization.

2017-05-06 | GSE84064 | GEO

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2020-06-10 | GSE131078 | GEO

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