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Unravelling the sex-specific diversity and functions of adrenal gland macrophages

ABSTRACT: This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE203097 | GEO | 2022/05/23

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Unravelling the sex-specific diversity and functions of adrenal gland macrophages.

Project description:Despite the ubiquitous function of macrophages across the body, the diversity, origin, and function of adrenal gland macrophages remain largely unknown. We define the heterogeneity of adrenal gland immune cells using single-cell RNA sequencing and use genetic models to explore the developmental mechanisms yielding macrophage diversity. We define populations of monocyte-derived and embryonically seeded adrenal gland macrophages and identify a female-specific subset with low major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression. In adulthood, monocyte recruitment dominates adrenal gland macrophage maintenance in female mice. Adrenal gland macrophage sub-tissular distribution follows a sex-dimorphic pattern, with MHC class IIlow macrophages located at the cortico-medullary junction. Macrophage sex dimorphism depends on the presence of the cortical X-zone. Adrenal gland macrophage depletion results in altered tissue homeostasis, modulated lipid metabolism, and decreased local aldosterone production during stress exposure. Overall, these data reveal the heterogeneity of adrenal gland macrophages and point toward sex-restricted distribution and functions of these cells.

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Unravelling the sex-specific diversity and functions of adrenal gland macrophages (RNA-Seq).

Project description:Despite the ubiquitous function of macrophages across the body, the diversity, origin, and function of adrenal gland macrophages remain largely unknown. We defined the heterogeneity of adrenal gland immune cells using single-cell RNA sequencing and used genetic models to explore the developmental mechanisms yielding to macrophage diversity. We defined populations of monocyte-derived and embryonically seeded adrenal gland macrophages and identified a female-specific subset with low MHC-II expression. In adulthood, monocyte recruitment dominated adrenal gland macrophage maintenance in female mice, while self-proliferation was more important in males. Adrenal gland macrophage sub-tissular distribution followed a sex-dimorphic pattern, with MHC-IIlow macrophages located at the border between the cortex and the medulla. Macrophage sex dimorphism depended on the presence of the cortical Xzone. Forcing X-zone maintenance in males, or its degradation in females, directly impacted the presence of MHC-IIlow macrophages. Adrenal gland macrophage depletion resulted in altered tissue homeostasis, modulated lipid- metabolism and decreased local aldosterone production during stress exposure. Overall, these data explain the heterogeneity of adrenal gland macrophages and point toward sexrestricted distribution and functions of these cells.

2022-05-23 | GSE203096 | GEO

Unravelling the sex-specific diversity and functions of adrenal gland macrophages (scRNA-Seq).

Project description:Despite the ubiquitous function of macrophages across the body, the diversity, origin, and function of adrenal gland macrophages remain largely unknown. We defined the heterogeneity of adrenal gland immune cells using single-cell RNA sequencing and used genetic models to explore the developmental mechanisms yielding to macrophage diversity. We defined populations of monocyte-derived and embryonically seeded adrenal gland macrophages and identified a female-specific subset with low MHC-II expression. In adulthood, monocyte recruitment dominated adrenal gland macrophage maintenance in female mice, while self-proliferation was more important in males. Adrenal gland macrophage sub-tissular distribution followed a sex-dimorphic pattern, with MHC-IIlow macrophages located at the border between the cortex and the medulla. Macrophage sex dimorphism depended on the presence of the cortical Xzone. Forcing X-zone maintenance in males, or its degradation in females, directly impacted the presence of MHC-IIlow macrophages. Adrenal gland macrophage depletion resulted in altered tissue homeostasis, modulated lipid- metabolism and decreased local aldosterone production during stress exposure. Overall, these data explain the heterogeneity of adrenal gland macrophages and point toward sexrestricted distribution and functions of these cells.

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Unravelling the sex-specific diversity and functions of adrenal gland macrophages

Project description:Unravelling the sex-specific diversity and functions of adrenal gland macrophages

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Unravelling the sex-specific diversity and functions of adrenal gland macrophages (scRNA-Seq).

Project description:Unravelling the sex-specific diversity and functions of adrenal gland macrophages (scRNA-Seq).

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Sex-specific prenatal stress effects on the rat reproductive axis and adrenal gland structure.

Project description:Social stress during pregnancy has profound effects on offspring physiology. This study examined whether an ethologically relevant social stress during late pregnancy in rats alters the reproductive axis and adrenal gland structure in post-pubertal male and female offspring. Prenatally stressed (PNS) pregnant rats (n=9) were exposed to an unfamiliar lactating rat for 10 min/day from day 16 to 20 of pregnancy inclusive, whereas control pregnant rats (n=9) remained in their home cages. Gonads, adrenal glands and blood samples were obtained from one female and one male from each litter at 11 to 12-weeks of age. Anogenital distance was measured. There was no treatment effect on body, adrenal or gonad weight at 11-12 weeks. PNS did not affect the number of primordial, secondary or tertiary ovarian follicles, numbers of corpora lutea or ovarian FSH receptor expression. There was an indication that PNS females had more primary follicles and greater ovarian aromatase expression compared with control females (both P=0.09). PNS males had longer anogenital distances (0.01±0.0 cm/g vs 0.008±0.00 cm/g; P=0.007) and higher plasma FSH concentrations (0.05 ng/mL vs 0.006 ng/mL; s.e.d.=0.023; P=0.043) compared with control males. There were no treatment effects on the number of Sertoli cells or seminiferous tubules, seminiferous tubule area, plasma testosterone concentration or testis expression of aromatase, FSH receptor or androgen receptor. PNS did not affect adrenal size. These data suggest that the developing male reproductive axis is more sensitive to maternal stress and that PNS may enhance aspects of male reproductive development.

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Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

2024-06-24 | GSE245129 | GEO

Endocrine-specific NIR fluorophores for adrenal gland targeting.

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Senescence-Induced Immune Remodeling Facilitates Metastatic Adrenal Cancer in a Sex-Dimorphic Manner

Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

2023-04-03 | GSE201127 | GEO