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Effect of mouse and human progranulin haploinsufficiency on mouse cortical transcriptome at 18 months of age.

ABSTRACT: We performed RNAseq on mouse progranulin deficient and humanized mouse progranulin deficient cortical tissue at 18 months to investigate the functional differences between mouse and human progranulin and identify transcriptomic changes for therapeutic endpoints.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE205735 | GEO | 2023/04/28

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Effect of mouse and human progranulin haploinsufficiency on mouse cortical transcriptome at 18 months of age.

Project description:Effect of mouse and human progranulin haploinsufficiency on mouse cortical transcriptome at 18 months of age.

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Antisense oligonucleotides targeting the miR-29b binding site in the GRN mRNA increase progranulin translation

Project description:Heterozygous GRN (progranulin) mutations cause frontotemporal dementia (FTD) due to haploinsufficiency, and increasing progranulin levels is a major therapeutic goal. Several microRNAs, including miR-29b, negatively regulate progranulin protein levels. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are emerging as a promising therapeutic modality for neurological diseases, but strategies for increasing target protein levels are limited. Here, we tested the efficacy of ASOs as enhancers of progranulin expression by sterically blocking the miR-29b binding site in the 3' UTR of the human GRN mRNA. We found 16 ASOs that increase progranulin protein in a dose-dependent manner in neuroglioma cells. A subset of these ASOs also increased progranulin protein in iPSC-derived neurons and in a humanized GRN mouse model. In FRET-based assays, the ASOs effectively competed miR-29b from binding to the GRN 3' UTR RNA. The ASOs increased levels of newly synthesized progranulin protein by increasing its translation, as revealed by polysome profiling. Together, our results demonstrate that ASOs can be used to effectively increase target protein levels by partially blocking miR binding sites. This ASO strategy may be therapeutically feasible for progranulin-deficient FTD as well as other conditions of haploinsufficiency.

2022-08-01 | GSE188498 | GEO

Protein expression in the prefrontal cortex of aged mice with progranulin deficiency or neuronal progranulin overexpression

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2016-10-13 | PXD004087 | Pride

Discovery of small molecules that normalize the transcriptome and enhance cysteine cathepsin activity in progranulin-deficient microglia

Project description:Patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) resulting from granulin (GRN) haploinsufficiency have reduced levels of progranulin and exhibit dysregulation in inflammatory and lysosomal networks. Microglia produce high levels of progranulin, and reduction of progranulin in microglia alone is sufficient to recapitulate inflammation, lysosomal dysfunction, and hyperproliferation in a cell-autonomous manner. Therefore, targeting microglial dysfunction caused by progranulin insufficiency represents a potential therapeutic strategy to manage neurodegeneration in FTD. Limitations of current progranulin-enhancing strategies necessitate the discovery of new targets.To identify compounds that can reverse microglial defects in Grn-deficient mouse microglia, we performed a compound screen coupled with high throughput sequencing to assess key transcriptional changes in inflammatory and lysosomal pathways. Positive hits from this initial screen were then further narrowed down based on their ability to rescue cathepsin activity, a critical biochemical readout of lysosomal capacity. The screen identified nor-binaltorphimine dihydrochloride (nor-BNI) and dibutyryl-cAMP, sodium salt (DB-cAMP) as two phenotypic modulators of progranulin deficiency. In addition, nor-BNI and DB-cAMP also rescued cell cycle abnormalities in progranulin-deficient cells. These data highlight the potential of a transcription-based platform for drug screening, and advance two novel lead compounds for FTD.

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Progranulin Deficiency Promotes Circuit-Specific Synaptic Pruning by Microglia via Complement Activation

Project description:Microglia repair injury and maintain homeostasis in the brain, but whether aberrant microglial activation can contribute to neurodegeneration remains unclear. Here, we use transcriptome profiling to demonstrate that deficiency in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) gene progranulin (Grn) leads to an age-dependent, progressive up-regulation of lysosomal and innate immunity genes, increased complement production, and synaptic pruning activity in microglia. During aging, Grn-/- mice show profound accumulation of microglia and preferential elimination of inhibitory synapses in the ventral thalamus, which contribute to hyperexcitability in the thalamocortical circuits and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)-like grooming behaviors. Remarkably, blocking complement activation by deleting C1qa gene significantly reduces synaptic pruning by Grn-/- microglia, and mitigates neurodegeneration, behavioral phenotypes and premature mortality in Grn-/- mice. These results uncover a previously unrecognized role of progranulin in suppressing microglia activation during aging, and support the idea that blocking complement activation is a promising therapeutic target for neurodegeneration caused by progranulin deficiency. Gene expression study in multiple brain regions from a mouse model of progranulin deficiency Please note that 9 outlier samples were excluded from data analysis. Therefore, there are 326 raw data columns (i.e. 163 samples) in the non_normalized data matrix while 154 samples are represented here.

2016-03-31 | E-GEOD-75083 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Induced pluripotent stem cell models of progranulin-deficient frontotemporal dementia uncover specific reversible neuronal defects.

Project description:Multiple FTD patient-specific iPSC lines were generated for the first time, Human neurons of progranulin haploinsufficiency have been established. PGRN S116X neurons are more sensitive to kinase inhibitors-induced cell stress, which can be rescued by ectopic progranulin expression, revealing progranulin-dependent cellular defects in FTD. Microarray analysis reveals that the serine/threonine kinase S6K2 (RPS6KB2) and other genes involved in MAPK signaling are dysregulated specifically in neurons with progranulin deficiency. 32 independent human neuronal cultures were analyzed in this study

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Loss of TREM2 reduces hyperactivation of progranulin deficient microglia but not lysosomal pathology [14 months]

Project description:Loss of TREM2 reduces hyperactivation of progranulin deficient microglia but not lysosomal pathology [14 months]

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Induced pluripotent stem cell models of progranulin-deficient frontotemporal dementia uncover specific reversible neuronal defects.

2012-10-25 | GSE40378 | GEO

Mouse Striatum 18 months of age

Project description:Mouse Striatum 18 months of age

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Targeted manipulation of the sortilin-progranulin axis rescues progranulin haploinsufficiency.

Project description:Progranulin (GRN) mutations causing haploinsufficiency are a major cause of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD-TDP). Recent discoveries demonstrating sortilin (SORT1) is a neuronal receptor for PGRN endocytosis and a determinant of plasma PGRN levels portend the development of enhancers targeting the SORT1-PGRN axis. We demonstrate the preclinical efficacy of several approaches through which impairing PGRN's interaction with SORT1 restores extracellular PGRN levels. Our report is the first to demonstrate the efficacy of enhancing PGRN levels in iPSC neurons derived from frontotemporal dementia (FTD) patients with PGRN deficiency. We validate a small molecule preferentially increases extracellular PGRN by reducing SORT1 levels in various mammalian cell lines and patient-derived iPSC neurons and lymphocytes. We further demonstrate that SORT1 antagonists and a small-molecule binder of PGRN???????, residues critical for PGRN-SORT1 binding, inhibit SORT1-mediated PGRN endocytosis. Collectively, our data demonstrate that the SORT1-PGRN axis is a viable target for PGRN-based therapy, particularly in FTD-GRN patients.

| S-EPMC3929086 | biostudies-other

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