The intrinsic and extrinsic effects of Tet proteins during gastrulation
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT: To isolate cell-autonomous effects of TET loss during gastrulation, we utilized a chimeric embryo platform in which fluorescently tagged Tet-deficient and control mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) were either injected into tetraploid (4N) or diploid (2N) blastocysts, and allowed to develop in utero. In 4N complemented embryos, the resulting embryonic compartment is solely comprised of the injected mESCs derivatives (hereinafter denoted as whole-embryo chimera), whereas in chimeras obtained using 2N host blastocysts, the embryonic compartment contains both wild-type (WT) and injected cell derivatives (hereinafter denoted as mixed chimera). We performed single-cell RNA-seq for each whole-embryo and mixed chimera embryo, and compared the transcriptomes to a defined single-cell/single-embryo atlas. We further performed methylation analysis using post-bisulfite adaptor tagging (PBAT) for sorted Tet-TKO mutant and control from E8.5 mixed chimeras. Our work demonstrates an unbiased approach for defining intrinsic and extrinsic embryonic gene function based on temporal differentiation atlases, and disentangles the intracellular effects of the demethylation machinery from its broader tissue-level ramifications.
Project description:RNA-sequencing from sorted B cells of d16 infected mixed bone marrow chimeras. GC uninfected and GC infected samples of STAT3 WT and STAT3 KO B cells from 3 independent mixed bone marrow chimera experiments.
Project description:RNA-sequencing from sorted B cells of d16 infected mixed bone marrow chimeras. Non-GC, GC uninfected, and GC infected samples of STAT3 WT and STAT3 KO B cells from 3 independent mixed bone marrow chimera experiments.
Project description:Functional-assay limitations are an emerging issue in characterizing human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). With rodent PSCs, chimera formation, using pre-implantation embryos, is the gold-standard assay of pluripotency. In hPSCs, this can only be monitored via teratoma formation or in vitro differentiation, as ethical concerns preclude generation of human-animal chimera. To circumvent this issue, we established a functional assay utilizing interspecific blastocyst injection and in vitro culture (interspecies in vitro chimera assay). The assay uses mouse pre-implantation embryos and human PSCs to make interspecies chimeras cultured in vitro to the early egg cylinder stage. When hiPSCs, both conventional and naive type, which called “reset cell”, were injected into mouse embryos and cultured. The cells were never integrated into the epiblast of egg cylinder stage-embryo. These results suggest that hPSCs, including naïve type, are unable to form chimera with mouse embryo.
Project description:Functional-assay limitations are an emerging issue in characterizing human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). With rodent PSCs, chimera formation, using pre-implantation embryos, is the gold-standard assay of pluripotency. In hPSCs, this can only be monitored via teratoma formation or in vitro differentiation, as ethical concerns preclude generation of human-animal chimera. To circumvent this issue, we established a functional assay utilizing interspecific blastocyst injection and in vitro culture (interspecies in vitro chimera assay). The assay uses mouse pre-implantation embryos and human PSCs to make interspecies chimeras cultured in vitro to the early egg cylinder stage. When hiPSCs, both conventional and naive type, which called M-bM-^@M-^\reset cellM-bM-^@M-^], were injected into mouse embryos and cultured. The cells were never integrated into the epiblast of egg cylinder stage-embryo. These results suggest that hPSCs, including naM-CM-/ve type, are unable to form chimera with mouse embryo. Reset cells were converted from conventional human iPSC line PB004, and then compared their gene expression profile with or without transgene overexpression induced by doxycyclin treatment.
Project description:We utilized scRNA-seq to study the human-mouse chimera transcriptomic regulation at peri-implantation embryo stage. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed PODXL overexpression boosted chimerism between human cells in mouse host embryos and the potential cell-cell communication interactions in human-mouse chimeras. Potential cell-cell communications were identified to optimize cell-cell contact interaction for reducing the xenogeneic barrier in the interspecies chimeras in future studies.
Project description:To define the specific function of Pax3:Foxo1a in G2/M stage, we compared whole mRNA expressions of mouse alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma tumor cells in G2/M stage (4N) with or without Pax3:Foko1a knockdown (si_YFP or si_control). The exerimental plan will include triplicate samples for sorted cells at G1/G0 (2N) and G2/M (4N) and dupicate samples for S (3N) phase cells for a total of 16 samples.
Project description:The goal of this project was to analyze gene expression changes upon polyploidization. To this end, human U-2 OS cells were exposed to the NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE) inhibitor Pevonedistat (MLN4924), a first-in-class anticancer drug that induces DNA re-replication, or to oncogenic H-RAS V12 (HRAS) over-expression. Untreated U-2 OS cells served as control. Cells with 2N-4N DNA content were separated from cells with >4N DNA content by FACS and single cells were sorted into 384 well plates for scRNA-seq analysis.
Project description:ChIP-seq was performed for seven marks (H3K4me1, H3K4me2, H3K4me3, H3K27ac, H3K27me3, H3K9me3, and H3K36me3) with Inputs on iPSC derived Cardiomyocytes with either 2N or 4N DNA content (3 replicates). Replicates were combined and put into the ChromImpute and ChromHMM pipelines (Ernst and Kellis, 2015), and a 25 state chromatin profilefor each was developed.
Project description:By investigating the germinal center (GC) formation in STAT6ko/WT bone marrow-mixed chimera we found that GC formation in type 2 immune responses is dependent on B cell intrinsic expression of IL-4/IL-13-induced genes. We therefore used microarrays to find Stat6 dependent genes that are important for germinal center formation and/or organization after infection with the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (N. brasiliensis). Bone marrow of STAT6ko (CD45.2+) and WT (CD45.1+) were mixed and injected in lethaly irradiated WT (CD45.1+) mice. After 8 weeks, 5 Bone marrow-mixed chimera were infected with N. brasiliensis and draining lymph nodes were collected at day 14 after the infection and pooled. RNA was isolated from sort-purified CD45.1+ or CD45.2+ GC B cells (B220+CD38loGL-7hi).
Project description:In chimera assays, murine naïve embryonic stem (ES) cells usually produce better chimeras than the more primed epiblast-derived stem (EpiS) cells. Overexpression of the cytoskeleton-associated protein LIMA1/EPLIN in EpiS cells improves the rate of successful chimeras, while the knockout of LIMA1 in ES cells results in a metabolic state reminiscent of EpiS cells. To investigate the effects of LIMA1 we performed RNA-seq in Lima1 loss-of-function murine ES cells and in Lima1 gain-of-function murine EpiS cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells.