The microbiome buffers tadpole hosts from the deleterious effects of heat stress: a hologenomic approach to understand host-microbe interactions under warming conditions.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Lithobates clamitans
PROVIDER: GSE208646 | GEO | 2022/12/30
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:Phenotypic plasticity is an important strategy that animals employ to respond and adjust to changes in their environment. Plasticity may occur via changes in host gene expression or through functional changes in their microbiomes, which contribute substantially to host physiology. Specifically, the presence and function of host-associated microbes can impact how animals respond to heat stress. We previously demonstrated that 'depleted' tadpoles, with artificially disrupted microbiomes, are less tolerant to heat than 'colonized' tadpoles, with more natural microbiomes. However, the mechanisms behind these effects are unclear. Here, we compared gene expression profiles of the tadpole gut transcriptome, and tadpole gut microbial metagenome, between colonized and depleted tadpoles under cool or warm conditions. Our goal was to identify differences in host and microbial responses to heat between colonized and depleted tadpoles that might explain their observed differences in heat tolerance. We found that depleted tadpoles exhibited a much stronger degree of host gene expression plasticity in response to heat, while the microbiome of colonized tadpoles was significantly more heat sensitive. These patterns indicate that functional changes in the microbiome in response to heat may allow for a dampened host response, ultimately buffering hosts from the deleterious effects of heat stress. We also identified several specific host and microbial pathways that could be contributing to increased thermal tolerance in colonized tadpoles including amino acid metabolism, vitamin biosynthesis and ROS scavenging pathways. Our results demonstrate that the microbiome influences host plasticity and the response of hosts to environmental stressors.
| S-EPMC10086385 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We exposed two groups of green frog tadpoles that differed in their microbiome composition to heat stress or control conditions. We subsequently used RNAseq to profile gene expression in their gut to understand how the microbiome impacts host responses to heat.
2023-01-02 | GSE208645 | GEO
Project description:The microbiome buffers tadpole hosts from heat stress: a hologenomic approach to understand host-microbe interactions under warming
| PRJNA860544 | ENA
Project description:The microbiome buffers tadpole hosts from the deleterious effects of heat stress: a hologenomic approach to understand host-microbe interactions under warming conditions.
| PRJNA860534 | ENA
Project description:Climate change and infectious disease by the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) are major drivers of amphibian extinctions, but the potential interactions of these two factors are not fully understood. Temperature is known to influence (1) the infectivity, pathogenicity and virulence of Bd; (2) host-parasite dynamics, especially when both hosts and parasites are ectothermic organisms exhibiting thermal sensitivities that may or may not differ; and (3) amphibian vulnerability to extinction depending on their heat tolerance, which may decrease with infection. Thus, in a global warming scenario, with rising temperatures and more frequent and extreme weather events, amphibians infected by Bd could be expected to be more vulnerable if temperatures approach their critical thermal maximum (CTmax). However, it is also possible that predicted high temperatures could clear the Bd infection, thus enhancing amphibian survival. We tested these hypotheses by measuring CTmax values of Bd-infected and Bd-free aquatic tadpoles and terrestrial toadlets/juveniles of the common midwife toad (Alytes obstetricans) and examining whether exposure of A. obstetricans individuals to peak temperatures reaching their CTmax clears them from Bd infection. We show that (1) Bd has a wide thermal tolerance range; (2) Bd is capable of altering the thermal physiology of A. obstetricans, which is stage-dependent, lowering CTmax in tadpoles but not in toadlets; and (3) Bd infection is not cleared after exposure of tadpoles or toadlets to CTmax. Living under climatic change with rising temperatures, the effect of Bd infection might tip the balance and lead some already threatened amphibian communities towards extinction.
| S-EPMC6488074 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The 'classical' renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a circulating system that controls blood pressure. Local/paracrine RAS, identified in a variety of tissues, including the brain, is involved in different functions and diseases, and RAS blockers are commonly used in clinical practice. A third type of RAS (intracellular/intracrine RAS) has been observed in some types of cells, including neurons. However, its role is still unknown. The present results indicate that in brain cells the intracellular RAS counteracts the intracellular superoxide/H2O2 and oxidative stress induced by the extracellular/paracrine angiotensin II acting on plasma membrane receptors. Activation of nuclear receptors by intracellular or internalized angiotensin triggers a number of mechanisms that protect the cell, such as an increase in the levels of protective angiotensin type 2 receptors, intracellular angiotensin, PGC-1α and IGF-1/SIRT1. Interestingly, this protective mechanism is altered in isolated nuclei from brains of aged animals. The present results indicate that at least in the brain, AT1 receptor blockers acting only on the extracellular or paracrine RAS may offer better protection of cells.
| S-EPMC5636983 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Microbial Dysbiosis is associated with the etiology and pathogenesis of diseases. The studies on the vaginal microbiome in cervical cancer are essential to discern the cause and effect of the condition. The present study characterizes the microbial pathogenesis involved in developing cervical cancer. Relative species abundance assessment identified Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria dominating the phylum level. A significant increase in Lactobacillus iners and Prevotella timonensis at the species level revealed its pathogenic influence on cervical cancer progression. The diversity, richness, and dominance analysis divulges a substantial decline in cervical cancer compared to control samples. The β diversity index proves the homogeneity in the subgroups' microbial composition. The association between enriched Lactobacillus iners at the species level, Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas, and Enterococcus genera with cervical cancer is identified by Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) prediction. The functional enrichment corroborates the microbial disease association with pathogenic infections such as aerobic vaginitis, bacterial vaginosis, and chlamydia. The dataset is trained and validated with repeated k-fold cross-validation technique using a random forest algorithm to determine the discriminative pattern from the samples. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), a game theoretic approach, is employed to analyze the results predicted by the model. Interestingly, SHAP identified that the increase in Ralstonia has a higher probability of predicting the sample as cervical cancer. New evidential microbiomes identified in the experiment confirm the presence of pathogenic microbiomes in cervical cancer vaginal samples and their mutuality with microbial imbalance.
| S-EPMC10137380 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The co-occurrence of consecutive hot and humid days during a heat wave can strongly affect human health. Here, we quantify humid heat wave hazard in the recent past and at different levels of global warming. We find that the magnitude and apparent temperature peak of heat waves, such as the ones observed in Chicago in 1995 and China in 2003, have been strongly amplified by humidity. Climate model projections suggest that the percentage of area where heat wave magnitude and peak are amplified by humidity increases with increasing warming levels. Considering the effect of humidity at 1.5° and 2° global warming, highly populated regions, such as the Eastern US and China, could experience heat waves with magnitude greater than the one in Russia in 2010 (the most severe of the present era). The apparent temperature peak during such humid-heat waves can be greater than 55?°C. According to the US Weather Service, at this temperature humans are very likely to suffer from heat strokes. Humid-heat waves with these conditions were never exceeded in the present climate, but are expected to occur every other year at 4° global warming. This calls for respective adaptation measures in some key regions of the world along with international climate change mitigation efforts.
| S-EPMC5547064 | biostudies-literature