Runx1 Controls Auditory Sensory Neuron Diversity (iCKO)
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE210216 | GEO | 2023/01/13
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:As the primary sensory neurons of the auditory system, Type I spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) encode sound stimulus properties critical for the formation of auditory percept in higher brain areas. Their functional heterogeneity is thought to contribute to our ability to hear a wide range of sound intensities and against background noise, but how SGN diversity arises during development is poorly understood. Here we studied the role of the transcription factor Runx1 in establishing SGN heterogeneity in the mouse cochlea by single cell RNA-sequencing.
2023-01-13 | GSE210215 | GEO
Project description:Type I spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) convey sound information to the central auditory pathway by forming axo-somatic synapses with inner hair cells (IHCs), the primary sensory receptors of the mammalian cochlea. Although IHC ribbon synapses have been extensively studied, the molecular mechanisms regulating the structure and function of the post-synaptic density (PSD) at the SGN afferent terminals are largely unknown. Using functional, morphological, and transcriptomic approaches, we demonstrate that brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 (BAI1), encoded by the Adgrb1 gene, is required for the clustering of the glutamate AMPA receptors GluR2-4 to the SGN post-synaptic density. Adult mice expressing BAI1 lacking the N-terminal thrombospondin type 1 repeats (TRS) have functional IHC synapses but fail to transmit acoustic information to the SGNs, leading to highly raised auditory thresholds. We also found that in adult Bai1-deficient mice, despite the almost complete absence of AMPA receptors, the SGN fibres innervating the IHCs did not degenerate. RNA sequencing and western blotting also indicate that AMPA receptors are expressed in the cochlea of Bai1-deficient mice, highlights that BAI1 is involved is trafficking or anchoring GluR2-4 to the PSDs. Moreover, these results have identified novel molecular and functional mechanisms required for sound encoding at cochlear ribbon synapses.
2024-03-27 | GSE254269 | GEO
Project description:Spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) and the associated components of the auditory nerve are primary carriers of auditory information from hair cells to the brain. Loss of SGNs occurs with many pathological conditions, resulting in permanent sensorineural hearing loss. Neural stem/progenitors (NSPs) have been well-characterized in several locations of adult brain and retina. However, it is unclear whether NSPs are present in the adult auditory nerve. Here we examined the self-renewal potential of the adult auditory nerve using ouabain application as a well-established mouse model of acute SGN injury. The observed increase in cell proliferation, alteration in enchromatin/heterochromatin ratio and down-regulation of histone deacetylase expression in glial cells suggest that the quiescent glial cells convert to an activated state after SGN degeneration. This was further confirmed by global gene expression analysis of injured auditory nerves, which showed up-regulation of numerous neurogenesis- and/or development-associated genes shortly after ouabain exposure. These genes include molecular markers commonly used for the identification of NSPs. Under a strict culture regimen, auditory nerve-derived cells of adult mouse ears gave rise to neurospheres, suggesting that multipotent NSPs are present in adult cochlear nerve. Neurosphere assays on Sox2 transgenic mice revealed that Sox2+ glial cells are the source for NSPs. Our data also showed that acute injury or hypoxia enhances neurosphere formation. Taken together, our study revealed that glial cells of adult cochlea exhibit several NSP characteristics, and hence these mature non-neuronal cells may be important targets for promoting self-repair of degenerative auditory nerves. Auditory nerves were removed from the temporal bones of adult CBA/CaJ mice, aged 8 to 12 weeks. Tissues were either collected and used directly as the tissue samples or dissociated and used for the cell culture samples. Dissociated auditory nerve cells were propagated and grown to full confluency (5-7 days), constituting the cultured cell samples. For neurosphere samples, growth medium was changed to neurosphere formation medium and the cells were cultured for an additional 12 days. All samples were prepared in triplicate (n=3).
2015-04-29 | E-GEOD-65249 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) and the associated components of the auditory nerve are primary carriers of auditory information from hair cells to the brain. Loss of SGNs occurs with many pathological conditions, resulting in permanent sensorineural hearing loss. Neural stem/progenitors (NSPs) have been well-characterized in several locations of adult brain and retina. However, it is unclear whether NSPs are present in the adult auditory nerve. Here we examined the self-renewal potential of the adult auditory nerve using ouabain application as a well-established mouse model of acute SGN injury. The observed increase in cell proliferation, alteration in enchromatin/heterochromatin ratio and down-regulation of histone deacetylase expression in glial cells suggest that the quiescent glial cells convert to an activated state after SGN degeneration. This was further confirmed by global gene expression analysis of injured auditory nerves, which showed up-regulation of numerous neurogenesis- and/or development-associated genes shortly after ouabain exposure. These genes include molecular markers commonly used for the identification of NSPs. Under a strict culture regimen, auditory nerve-derived cells of adult mouse ears gave rise to neurospheres, suggesting that multipotent NSPs are present in adult cochlear nerve. Neurosphere assays on Sox2 transgenic mice revealed that Sox2+ glial cells are the source for NSPs. Our data also showed that acute injury or hypoxia enhances neurosphere formation. Taken together, our study revealed that glial cells of adult cochlea exhibit several NSP characteristics, and hence these mature non-neuronal cells may be important targets for promoting self-repair of degenerative auditory nerves. Analysis was conducted on auditory nerve samples from stages encompassing maturation and onset of hearing. Cochleas were collected from euthanized mice (CBA/CaJ) at perinatal (P) stages P0, P3, P7, P10, P14 and P21. Cochleas underwent microdissection to remove the outer bony cochlear shell and cochlear lateral wall, thus preserving the modiolus portion of cochlea which contains mainly the auditory nerve. Paired cochleas (i.e., from left and right ears) from each mouse were pooled to make individual samples. All sample types were done in experimental duplicate (n=2).
2015-04-30 | E-GEOD-59415 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) and the associated components of the auditory nerve are primary carriers of auditory information from hair cells to the brain. Loss of SGNs occurs with many pathological conditions, resulting in permanent sensorineural hearing loss. Neural stem/progenitors (NSPs) have been well-characterized in several locations of adult brain and retina. However, it is unclear whether NSPs are present in the adult auditory nerve. Here we examined the self-renewal potential of the adult auditory nerve using ouabain application as a well-established mouse model of acute SGN injury. The observed increase in cell proliferation, alteration in enchromatin/heterochromatin ratio and down-regulation of histone deacetylase expression in glial cells suggest that the quiescent glial cells convert to an activated state after SGN degeneration. This was further confirmed by global gene expression analysis of injured auditory nerves, which showed up-regulation of numerous neurogenesis- and/or development-associated genes shortly after ouabain exposure. These genes include molecular markers commonly used for the identification of NSPs. Under a strict culture regimen, auditory nerve-derived cells of adult mouse ears gave rise to neurospheres, suggesting that multipotent NSPs are present in adult cochlear nerve. Neurosphere assays on Sox2 transgenic mice revealed that Sox2+ glial cells are the source for NSPs. Our data also showed that acute injury or hypoxia enhances neurosphere formation. Taken together, our study revealed that glial cells of adult cochlea exhibit several NSP characteristics, and hence these mature non-neuronal cells may be important targets for promoting self-repair of degenerative auditory nerves.
2015-04-29 | GSE65249 | GEO
Project description:The spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) of the cochlea are essential for auditory perception by transmitting complex auditory information from hair cells (HCs) to the brain, yet the molecular mechanisms generating their diversity are unknown. Here we used single cell RNA sequencing to reconstruct the developmental trajectories of SGN cell fates and identified genes and gene regulatory networks that participate to changes in developmental competence and cell states, and in specification of each major cell types. Our analysis also identified gene modules associated with the sequential binary decisions that delineate neuron fate choices along the diversification tree. Transcriptome analysis of both developing SGN and HC types further revealed cell-state specific cell-cell signaling potentially playing a role in the differentiation and connectivity profile of SGNs as well as human deafness-associated genes, both previously known and novel. Overall, our results identify molecular principles that shape SGN differentiation and will facilitate further studies of SGNs development, physiology and dysfunction.
2022-04-20 | GSE165502 | GEO
Project description:Spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) and the associated components of the auditory nerve are primary carriers of auditory information from hair cells to the brain. Loss of SGNs occurs with many pathological conditions, resulting in permanent sensorineural hearing loss. Neural stem/progenitors (NSPs) have been well-characterized in several locations of adult brain and retina. However, it is unclear whether NSPs are present in the adult auditory nerve. Here we examined the self-renewal potential of the adult auditory nerve using ouabain application as a well-established mouse model of acute SGN injury. The observed increase in cell proliferation, alteration in enchromatin/heterochromatin ratio and down-regulation of histone deacetylase expression in glial cells suggest that the quiescent glial cells convert to an activated state after SGN degeneration. This was further confirmed by global gene expression analysis of injured auditory nerves, which showed up-regulation of numerous neurogenesis- and/or development-associated genes shortly after ouabain exposure. These genes include molecular markers commonly used for the identification of NSPs. Under a strict culture regimen, auditory nerve-derived cells of adult mouse ears gave rise to neurospheres, suggesting that multipotent NSPs are present in adult cochlear nerve. Neurosphere assays on Sox2 transgenic mice revealed that Sox2+ glial cells are the source for NSPs. Our data also showed that acute injury or hypoxia enhances neurosphere formation. Taken together, our study revealed that glial cells of adult cochlea exhibit several NSP characteristics, and hence these mature non-neuronal cells may be important targets for promoting self-repair of degenerative auditory nerves. Adult Mice (CBA/CaJ, aged 8 to 12 weeks) were anesthetized and subjected to survival surgery to expose the bulla of the right ear. A ouabain solution (3 mM, approximately 10 ul) was administered in the round window niche. This solution was wicked away and replaced with fresh ouabain approximately every 10 min during a cummulative exposure period of 60 min. The left ears (i.e., contralateral) were not surgically manipulated and were used as controls. Mice were maintained for 3 days or 7 days following treatments, then euthanized, and the oubain-treated and contralateral cochleas were removed. Cochleas underwent microdissection to remove the outer bony cochlear shell and cochlear lateral wall, thus preserving the modiolus portion of cochlea which contains mainly the auditory nerve. All sample types were prepared in experimental triplicate (n=3).
2015-04-30 | E-GEOD-59416 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) and the associated components of the auditory nerve are primary carriers of auditory information from hair cells to the brain. Loss of SGNs occurs with many pathological conditions, resulting in permanent sensorineural hearing loss. Neural stem/progenitors (NSPs) have been well-characterized in several locations of adult brain and retina. However, it is unclear whether NSPs are present in the adult auditory nerve. Here we examined the self-renewal potential of the adult auditory nerve using ouabain application as a well-established mouse model of acute SGN injury. The observed increase in cell proliferation, alteration in enchromatin/heterochromatin ratio and down-regulation of histone deacetylase expression in glial cells suggest that the quiescent glial cells convert to an activated state after SGN degeneration. This was further confirmed by global gene expression analysis of injured auditory nerves, which showed up-regulation of numerous neurogenesis- and/or development-associated genes shortly after ouabain exposure. These genes include molecular markers commonly used for the identification of NSPs. Under a strict culture regimen, auditory nerve-derived cells of adult mouse ears gave rise to neurospheres, suggesting that multipotent NSPs are present in adult cochlear nerve. Neurosphere assays on Sox2 transgenic mice revealed that Sox2+ glial cells are the source for NSPs. Our data also showed that acute injury or hypoxia enhances neurosphere formation. Taken together, our study revealed that glial cells of adult cochlea exhibit several NSP characteristics, and hence these mature non-neuronal cells may be important targets for promoting self-repair of degenerative auditory nerves.
2015-04-30 | GSE59416 | GEO
Project description:Spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) and the associated components of the auditory nerve are primary carriers of auditory information from hair cells to the brain. Loss of SGNs occurs with many pathological conditions, resulting in permanent sensorineural hearing loss. Neural stem/progenitors (NSPs) have been well-characterized in several locations of adult brain and retina. However, it is unclear whether NSPs are present in the adult auditory nerve. Here we examined the self-renewal potential of the adult auditory nerve using ouabain application as a well-established mouse model of acute SGN injury. The observed increase in cell proliferation, alteration in enchromatin/heterochromatin ratio and down-regulation of histone deacetylase expression in glial cells suggest that the quiescent glial cells convert to an activated state after SGN degeneration. This was further confirmed by global gene expression analysis of injured auditory nerves, which showed up-regulation of numerous neurogenesis- and/or development-associated genes shortly after ouabain exposure. These genes include molecular markers commonly used for the identification of NSPs. Under a strict culture regimen, auditory nerve-derived cells of adult mouse ears gave rise to neurospheres, suggesting that multipotent NSPs are present in adult cochlear nerve. Neurosphere assays on Sox2 transgenic mice revealed that Sox2+ glial cells are the source for NSPs. Our data also showed that acute injury or hypoxia enhances neurosphere formation. Taken together, our study revealed that glial cells of adult cochlea exhibit several NSP characteristics, and hence these mature non-neuronal cells may be important targets for promoting self-repair of degenerative auditory nerves.
2015-04-30 | GSE59415 | GEO
Project description:Molecular heterogeneity among spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) in the mouse cochlea was investigated in two genetic backgrounds: 1) wildtype, 2) Vglut3-/-, which lack inner hair cell-driven glutamatergic activation of SGNs.
2018-08-06 | GSE114997 | GEO