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Transcriptomic profile (by Real-time quantitative PCR analysis) of oak leaves from the second growth cycle after leaf herbivory over two successive growth cycles

ABSTRACT: Priming of plant defenses provides increased plant protection against herbivores and reduces the allocation costs of defense. Defense priming in woody plants remains obscure, in particular due to plant development traits such as the endogenous rhythmic growth displayed by oaks (Quercus robur). By using bioassays with oak microcuttings, and by combining transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, we investigated how leaf herbivory by Lymantria dispar and root inoculation with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Piloderma croceum prime oak defenses. We further investigated how defense priming is modulated by rhythmic growth of the oaks. A first herbivory challenge in oak leaves primed newly grown leaves for an enhanced induction of jamonic acid (JA)-related direct defenses, or enhanced emission of volatiles, depending on the specific growth stage at which the plants where challenged. Root inoculation with Piloderma abolished the enhanced induction of JA-related defenses and volatile emission. Our results indicate that a first herbivore attack primes direct and indirect defenses of newly formed oak leaves, and that the specific display of defense priming is modulated by rhythmic growth. Our results further show that the priming memory in oaks can be transmitted to the next growth cycle even to the leaves of the new shoot unit.

ORGANISM(S): Quercus robur

PROVIDER: GSE212157 | GEO | 2022/08/27

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:In the absence of adaptive immunity displayed by animals, plants respond locally to biotic challenge via inducible basal defense networks activated through recognition and response toconserved pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). In addition, immunity can be induced in tissues remote from infection sites via systemic acquired resistance (SAR), initiated following gene-for-gene recognition between plant resistance proteins and microbial effectors.The nature of the mobile signal and remotely activated networks responsible for establishing SAR remain unclear. Here we show that despite the absence of PAMP contact, systemically responding leaves rapidly activate a SAR transcriptional signature with strong similarity to local basal defense. Jasmonates have previously been implicated in systemic signalling in response to wounding and plant herbivory but not SAR. We present several lines of evidence that suggest jasmonates may also be central to SAR. Jasmonic acid (JA) rapidly accumulates in phloem exudates of leaves challenged with an avirulent strain of Pseudomonas syringae. In systemically responding leaves transcripts associated with jasmonate biosynthesis are upregulated and JA increases transiently. SAR can be mimicked by foliar JA application and is abrogated in mutants impaired in jasmonate synthesis or response. We conclude that, jasmonate signalling appears to mediate long-distance information transmission. Moreover, the systemic transcriptional response shares extraordinary overlap with local herbivory and wounding responses, indicating that jasmonates may be central to an evolutionarily conserved signalling network, which decodes multiple abiotic and biotic stress signals. Experimenter name: William Truman Experimenter phone: +44 (0)1392 263789 Experimenter fax: +44 (0)1392 263434 Experimenter address: School of Biosciences Experimenter address: Geoffrey Pope Building Experimenter address: Stocker Road Experimenter address: Exeter Experimenter address: Devon Experimenter zip/postal_code: EX4 4QD Experimenter country: UK Keywords: infection

Project description:In the absence of adaptive immunity displayed by animals, plants respond locally to biotic challenge via inducible basal defense networks activated through recognition and response toconserved pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). In addition, immunity can be induced in tissues remote from infection sites via systemic acquired resistance (SAR), initiated following gene-for-gene recognition between plant resistance proteins and microbial effectors.The nature of the mobile signal and remotely activated networks responsible for establishing SAR remain unclear. Here we show that despite the absence of PAMP contact, systemically responding leaves rapidly activate a SAR transcriptional signature with strong similarity to local basal defense. Jasmonates have previously been implicated in systemic signalling in response to wounding and plant herbivory but not SAR. We present several lines of evidence that suggest jasmonates may also be central to SAR. Jasmonic acid (JA) rapidly accumulates in phloem exudates of leaves challenged with an avirulent strain of Pseudomonas syringae. In systemically responding leaves transcripts associated with jasmonate biosynthesis are upregulated and JA increases transiently. SAR can be mimicked by foliar JA application and is abrogated in mutants impaired in jasmonate synthesis or response. We conclude that, jasmonate signalling appears to mediate long-distance information transmission. Moreover, the systemic transcriptional response shares extraordinary overlap with local herbivory and wounding responses, indicating that jasmonates may be central to an evolutionarily conserved signalling network, which decodes multiple abiotic and biotic stress signals. Experimenter name: William Truman; Experimenter phone: +44 (0)1392 263789; Experimenter fax: +44 (0)1392 263434; Experimenter address: School of Biosciences; Experimenter address: Geoffrey Pope Building; Experimenter address: Stocker Road; Experimenter address: Exeter; Experimenter address: Devon; Experimenter zip/postal_code: EX4 4QD; Experimenter country: UK Experiment Overall Design: 9 samples were used in this experiment

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Transcriptomic profile (by Real-time quantitative PCR analysis) of oak leaves from the second growth cycle after leaf herbivory over two successive growth cycles

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