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The effect of constitutive root isoprene emission on root phenotype and physiology under control and salt stress conditions

ABSTRACT: Isoprene, a volatile hydrocarbon, is typically emitted from the leaves and other aboveground plant organs; isoprene emission from roots is not well studied. Given its well-known function in plant growth and defense aboveground, isoprene may also be involved in shaping root physiology to resist belowground stress. We used isoprene-emitting transgenic lines (IE) and a non-emitting empty vector and/or wild type lines (NE) of Arabidopsis to elucidate the roles of isoprene in root physiology and salt stress resistance. We assessed root phenotype and metabolic changes, hormone biosynthesis and signaling, and stress-responses under normal and saline conditions of IE and NE lines. We also analyzed the root transcriptome in the presence or absence of salt stress. IE lines emitted isoprene from roots, which was associated with higher primary root growth, root biomass, and root/shoot biomass ratio under both control and salt stress conditions. Transcriptome data indicated that isoprene altered the expression of key genes involved in hormone metabolism and plant responses to stress factors. Our findings reveal that root constitutive isoprene emission sustains root growth also under salinity by regulating and/or priming hormone biosynthesis and signaling mechanisms, amino acids biosynthesis, and expression of key genes relevant to salt stress defense.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

PROVIDER: GSE270516 | GEO | 2024/06/25

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Cyanobacteria are phototrophic prokaryotes that can convert inorganic carbon as CO2 into organic carbon compounds at the expense of light energy. In addition, they need only a few inorganic nutrients and can be cultivated in high densities using non-arable land and seawater. This features qualified cyanobacteria as attractive organisms for the production of third generation biofuels as part of the development of future CO2-neutral energy production. Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 represents one of the most widely used cyanobacterial model strains. On the basis of its available genome sequence and genetic tools, many strains of Synechocystis have been generated that produce different biotechnological products. Efficient isoprene production is an attractive goal, since this compound represents not only an energy-rich biofuel but is also used as chemical feedstock. Here, we report on our attempts to generate isoprene-producing strains of Synechocystis. The cDNA of a codon-optimized plant isoprene synthase (IspS) was cloned under the control of different Synechocystis promoters, which ensure strong constitutive or light-regulated ispS expression. The expression of the ispS gene was quantified by qPCR, whereas the amount of isoprene was quantified using GC-MS. Incubation of our strains at different salt conditions had marked impact on the isoprene production rates. Under low salt conditions, a good correlation was found between ispS expression and isoprene production rate. However, the cultivation of isoprene production strains under salt-supplemented conditions decreased isoprene production despite the fact that ispS expression was salt-stimulated. The characterization of the metabolome of isoprene producing strains indicated that isoprene production might be limited by insufficient precursor levels. Our isoprene production rates under low salt conditions were 2 - 6.5times higher compared to the previous report of Lindberg et al. (2010). These results can be used to guide future attempts establishing the isoprene production with cyanobacterial host systems.

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The effect of constitutive root isoprene emission on root phenotype and physiology under control and salt stress conditions

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