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Functional dissection of PRC1 subunits RYBP and YAF2 during neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells

ABSTRACT: Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) comprises two different complexes: CBX-containing canonical PRC1 (cPRC1) and RYBP/YAF2-containing variant PRC1 (vPRC1). RYBP and its paralog YAF2 recruit vPRC1 to catalyze H2AK119ub through a positive-feedback model. Here, we show that expression of RYBP and YAF2 decreases and increases, respectively, during neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Rybp knockout impairs neural differentiation by activating Wnt signaling and derepressing nonneuroectoderm-associated genes. However, Yaf2 knockout promotes neural differentiation and leads to redistribution of RYBP binding, increases enrichment of RYBP and H2AK119ub on the RYBP-YAF2 co-targeted genes, and prevents ectopic derepression of nonneuroectoderm-associated genes in neural-differentiated cells. Furthermore, the phase separations mediated by RYBP alone or together with RING1B are easier and more stable than those by YAF2, which might facilitate the deposition of H2AK119ub more abundantly by RYBP-PRC1 than YAF2-PRC1. Together, this study reveals that RYBP might maintain repressed chromatin more strongly and function differentially in regulating mESC neural differentiation compared with YAF2.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE213413 | GEO | 2023/10/09

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:The Polycomb Repressive Complexes (PRC) are key players in the regulation of tissuespecific gene expression through their ability to epigenetically silence developmental genes. They are subdivided into two multicomponent complexes, PRC1 and PRC2, functioning through posttranslational modifications of histone tails. A large body of work revealed functional interactions between PRC1 and PRC2, whereby trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me3) by PRC2 contributes to the recruitment of canonical PRC1 (cPRC1). In parallel, a PRC2-independent binding of PRC1 has been uncovered and referred to as non-canonical PRC1 or variant PRC1 (vPRC1), in which PRC1-dependent ubiquitination of lysine 119 on histone H2A is involved in recruiting PRC2/propagating PRC2-dependent H3K27 trimethylation. While it was initially assumed that cPRC1 and vPRC1 bind distinct targets, subsequent evidence pointed to cPRC1 and vPRC1 sharing a significant subset of targets. How the functional interplay between PRC2, cPRC1 and vPRC1 contributes to gene regulation remains partially understood. Here, we show that, in the developing limb, PRC2 inactivation barely affects PRC1 occupancy, as the majority of PRC2- bound loci are bound by vPRC1 (RYBP-PRC1), both in wild type and PRC2 mutant limbs. Consistent with this, we found that loci bound by CBX2, a PRC1 subunit involved in the recognition of H3K27me3 and thereby recruitment of cPRC1, are, for the vast majority, also bound by vPRC1. Intriguingly, analysis of PRC2 mutant limbs revealed that while a large part of CBX2 occupancy is lost in absence of PRC2 function, as expected from the absence of H3K27me3, there is a significant number of genes retaining CBX2 occupancy as well as a few genes with apparent gain of CBX2 binding. Importantly, among these genes, 56 of them correspond to developmental genes known for playing a key role in limb morphogenesis. Based on the importance of vPRC1 in gene silencing, our findings emphasize the primary role of PRC2-independent PCR1 function in regulating developmental genes and questions the role of PRC2/cPRC1 in controlling developmental programs.

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Functional dissection of PRC1 subunits RYBP and YAF2 during neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells

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