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The Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Underlying Mechanism of Low Fetal Weight due to Prenatal High Estradiol Exposure in Mice

ABSTRACT: To reveal differences in transcriptome profiles of mouse placentas between HE placentas and NC placentas, aiming to identify the important genes and critical pathways associated with the underlying mechanism for the risk of low birth weight induced by high maternal serum E2 levels. We used the mouse model of high E2 prenatal exposure or pure core oil exposure and collect the pups and placentas. In total, 12 samples were sequenced, including 3 placentas derived from male pups and 3 placentas obtained from female pups in both control and E2-treated groups.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE214007 | GEO | 2024/09/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Background: Paracoccidioides is the causative agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, a systemic mycosis endemic to Latin America. Infection is initiated by inhalation of conidia (C) or mycelial (M) fragments, which subsequently differentiate into yeast (Y). Epidemiological studies show a striking predominance of paracoccidioidomycosis in adult men compared to premenopausal women. In vitro and in vivo studies suggest that the female hormone (17β-estradiol, E2) regulates or inhibits M-or-C-to-Y transition. In this study we have profiled transcript expression to understand the molecular mechanism of how E2 inhibits M-to-Y transition. Methodology: We assessed temporal gene expression in strain Pb01 in the presence or absence of E2 at various time points through 9 days of the M-to-Y transition using an 11,000 element random-shear genomic DNA microarray and verified the results using quantitative real time-PCR. E2-regulated clones were sequenced to identify genes and biological function. Principal findings: E2-treatment affected gene expression of 550 array elements, with 331 showing up-regulation and 219 showing down-regulation at one or more time points (p ≤ 0.001). Genes with low expression after 4 or 12 h exposure to E2 belonged to pathways involved in heat shock response (hsp90 and hsp70), energy metabolism, and several retrotransposable elements. Y-related genes, α-1,3-glucan synthase, mannosyltransferase and Y20, demonstrated low or delayed expression in E2-treated cultures. Genes potentially involved in signaling, such as palmitoyltransferase (erf2), small GTPase RhoA, phosphatidylinositol-4-kinase, and protein kinase (serine/threonine) showed low expression in the presence of E2, whereas a gene encoding for an arrestin domain-containing protein showed high expression. Genes related to ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation, and oxidative stress response genes were up-regulated by E2. Conclusion: This study characterizes the effect of E2 at the molecular level on the inhibition of the M-to-Y transition and is indicative that the inhibitory actions of E2 may be working through signaling genes that regulate dimorphism.

Project description:17β-estradiol (E2) is an important endocrine hormone underlying mammalian body, which participates in the regulatory of physiological functions of reproductive system, mammary gland, bone and cardiovascular, et.al. Paradoxically, despite the physiological actions of endogenous E2 (0.2-1.0 nmol/L), numerous clinical and experimental studies demonstrated that high-dose E2 treatment could cause tumor regression and exert pro-apoptotic actions in multiple cells, but the underlying mechanism is still undescribed. Especially, little information of cellular processes responding to lethality of 17β-estradiol is available. In the present work, we attempted to characterize the cellular processes responding to high-dose (mol/L) E2 treatment by quantitative phosphoproteomics to help understand the regulatory mechanism of E2 induced cell death. Therefore, to analyze the cell phenotype induced by high-dose (umol/L) E2, cell counting kit-8 assay (CCK8), cell cytotoxicity analysis by trypan blue staining and microscopy imaging were first performed on HeLa cells following 1-10 mol/L E2 or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) treatment for 1-3 days. As a result, E2 was found to inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell death in a dose-dependent and time-dependent fashion. Specially, in comparison with DMSO-treated HeLa cell samples, 5 umol/L E2 treatment for 2 days resulted in > 74% of growth inhibition and about 50% of cell death, which was employed for following quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis. To investigate the intracellular cellular processes responding to high-dose (umol/L) E2 treatment, solid phase extraction (SPE)-based immobilized titanium ion affinity chromatography (Ti-IMAC) phosphopeptide enrichment method coupled with data independent acquisition (DIA)-based quantitative proteomics was employed for in-depth screening of high-dose E2 regulated phosphorylation sites. As a result, more than 10000 phosphorylation sites were identified from the E2 and DMSO treated HeLa cell samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Among these phosphorylation sites, in comparison with the DMSO-treated cell samples, 5 umol/L E2 treatment caused an increase of 537 phosphorylation sites on 372 proteins and a decrease of 387 phosphorylation sites on 256 proteins with a threshold of p-value < 0.01 and |fold change|≥2. Totally 924 phosphorylation sites on 599 proteins were significantly regulated by high-dose (umol/L) E2, which were then performed for enrichment analysis. In addition, 453 phosphorylation sites on 325 proteins were found to be identified in only E2 or DMSO treated cell samples. These phosphorylation sites probably be phosphorylated or de-phosphoylated responding to high-dose E2 stimulation, which likely be regulated by high-dose (umol/L) E2 and were also performed for enrichment analysis in parallel. Taken together, 1218 phosphorylation sites on 741 proteins were significantly regulated by high-dose E2.

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The Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Underlying Mechanism of Low Fetal Weight due to Prenatal High Estradiol Exposure in Mice

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