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Altered lipid homeostasis underlies selective neurodegeneration in SNX14 deficiency [1 month]

ABSTRACT: Spinocerebellar Ataxia Autosomal Recessive 20 (SCAR20) is a rare disorder caused by mutation in the SNX14 gene. The symptoms of the disorder including coarse face, poor or lack of speech, delayed or absent of motor function, and most markedly, cerebella atrophy with Purkinje cell degeneration. SNX14 has been localized to ER and shown to play a vital role in facilitating the formation of lipid droplet and maintaining the lipid saturation balance in cell membrane. Meanwhile, it has also been localized to other subcellular organelles, including lysosome and endo-lysosome, and has been suggested to participate in the autophagy responses. However, the previous researches were performed in vitro or ex vivo, and how disrupted SNX14 led to Purkinje cell degeneration in the SCAR20 cerebella in vivo remained unexplored. Here, we report the first animal model that manifested the SCAR20 symptoms, by introducing a 1bp deletion in Snx14 in mice via CRISPR-Cas9. We performed RNAseq to analyse the pathway changes caused by Snx14 KO.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE215831 | GEO | 2024/04/29

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:The endoribonuclease, Dicer, is indispensible for generating the majority of mature microRNAs (miRNAs), which are posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression involved in a wide range of developmental and pathological processes in mammalian central nervous system. While functions of Dicer-dependent miRNA pathways in neurons and oligodendrocytes have been extensively investigated, little is known about the role of Dicer in astrocytes. Here we report the effect of Cre-loxP mediated conditional deletion of Dicer selectively from postnatal astroglia on brain development. Dicer-deficient mice exhibited normal motor development and neurological morphology prior to postnatal week 5. Thereafter mutant mice invariably developed a rapidly fulminant neurological decline characterized by ataxia, severe progressive cerebellar degeneration, seizures, uncontrollable movements and premature death by postnatal week 9-10. Integrated transcription profiling, histological and functional analyses of cerebella showed that deletion of Dicer in cerebellar astrocytes altered the transcriptome of astrocytes to be more similar to an immature or reactive-like state prior to the onset of neurological symptoms or morphological changes. As a result, critical and mature astrocytic functions including glutamate uptake and antioxidant pathways were substantially impaired, leading to massive apoptosis of cerebellar granule cells and degeneration of Purkinje cells. Collectively, our study demonstrates the critical involvement of Dicer in normal astrocyte maturation and maintenance. Our findings also reveal non-cell autonomous roles of astrocytic Dicer-dependent pathways in regulating proper neuronal functions and implicate that loss of or dysregulation of astrocytic Dicer-dependent pathways may be involved in neurodegeneration and other neurological disorders. Four replicate experiments using samples derived from biologically independent pairs of control (mGfap-Cre; Dicer +/flox) and Dicer mutant (mGfap-Cre; Dicer flox/flox) littermate mice (postnatal day 30) were performed with a dye-swap experimental design.

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Altered lipid homeostasis underlies selective neurodegeneration in SNX14 deficiency [1 month]

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