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RNA immunoprecipitation of GLD-1 followed by microarray analysis of the co-IP'ed mRNAs

ABSTRACT: RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are critical regulators of gene expression and elucidating the interactions of RBPs with their RNA targets is necessary to understand how combinations of RBPs control transcriptome expression. The Quaking-related (QR) sub-family of STAR domain RBPs includes developmental regulators and tumor suppressors such as C. elegans GLD-1, which functions as a master regulator of germ line development. To understand how GLD-1 interacts with the transcriptome, we identified GLD-1 associated mRNAs by a ribonomic approach. The scale of GLD-1 mRNA interactions allowed us to determine rules governing GLD-1 target selection and to derive a predictive model where GLD-1 association with mRNA is based on the number and strength of 7-mer GLD-1 binding elements (GBEs) within UTRs. GLD-1/mRNA interactions were quantified, and predictions were verified both in vitro and in live animals, including by ‘transplantation’ experiments where ‘weak’ and ‘strong’ GBEs imposed translational repression of increasing strength on a non-target mRNA.Importantly, this study provides a unique quantitative picture of how an RBP interacts with its mRNA targets. As combinatorial regulation by multiple RBPs is thought to regulate gene expression, quantification of RBP/mRNA interactions should be a way to predict and potentially modify biological outcomes of complex posttranscriptional regulatory networks, and our analysis suggests that such an approach is possible.

ORGANISM(S): Caenorhabditis elegans

PROVIDER: GSE21591 | GEO | 2011/02/04

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA127121

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are critical regulators of gene expression and elucidating the interactions of RBPs with their RNA targets is necessary to understand how combinations of RBPs control transcriptome expression. The Quaking-related (QR) sub-family of STAR domain RBPs includes developmental regulators and tumor suppressors such as C. elegans GLD-1, which functions as a master regulator of germ line development. To understand how GLD-1 interacts with the transcriptome, we identified GLD-1 associated mRNAs by a ribonomic approach. The scale of GLD-1 mRNA interactions allowed us to determine rules governing GLD-1 target selection and to derive a predictive model where GLD-1 association with mRNA is based on the number and strength of 7-mer GLD-1 binding elements (GBEs) within UTRs. GLD-1/mRNA interactions were quantified, and predictions were verified both in vitro and in live animals, including by M-bM-^@M-^XtransplantationM-bM-^@M-^Y experiments where M-bM-^@M-^XweakM-bM-^@M-^Y and M-bM-^@M-^XstrongM-bM-^@M-^Y GBEs imposed translational repression of increasing strength on a non-target mRNA.Importantly, this study provides a unique quantitative picture of how an RBP interacts with its mRNA targets. As combinatorial regulation by multiple RBPs is thought to regulate gene expression, quantification of RBP/mRNA interactions should be a way to predict and potentially modify biological outcomes of complex posttranscriptional regulatory networks, and our analysis suggests that such an approach is possible. Wild-type (N2) or gld-1(q485); ozIs2 [gld-1::gfp::flag] worms were synchronized and harvested as young adults. To identify GLD-1 associated transcripts, two independent IP strategies were performed: 1. Comparison of anti-FLAG IP to anti-MYC IP on the gld-1(q485); ozIs2 [gld-1::gfp::flag] worm extract, 2. Comparison of anti-FLAG IP on the gld-1(q485); ozIs2 [gld-1::gfp::flag] worm extract to anti-FLAG IP on wild type extract. All IPs were performed in triplicate (12 IPs).

Project description:Animal mRNAs are regulated by hundreds of RNA binding proteins (RBPs). The identification of RBP targets is crucial for understanding their function. A recent method, PAR-CLIP, uses photoreactive nucleosides to crosslink RBPs to target RNAs in cells prior to immunoprecipitation. Here, we establish iPAR-CLIP (in vivo PAR-CLIP) to determine, at nucleotide resolution, transcriptome-wide target sites of GLD-1, a conserved, germline-specific translational repressor in C. elegans. We identified 439 reproducible targets and demonstrate an excellent dynamic range of target detection by iPAR-CLIP. Upon GLD-1 knock-down, protein but not mRNA expression of the 439 targets was specifically and highly significantly upregulated, demonstrating functionality. Finally, we discovered strongly conserved GLD-1 binding sites nearby the start codon of target genes. We propose that GLD-1 interacts with the translation machinery nearby the start codon, a so far unknown mode of gene regulation in eukaryotes. Arrested L1 worms were grown in liquid culture supplemented with 2mM 4SU or 6SG. 250,000 worms were sufficient for one iPAR-CLIP experiment. Living adult worms were transferred to NGM plates and crosslinked on ice using a Stratalinker (Stratagene) with customized 365nm UV-lamps (energy setting: 2J/cm2). Worms were lysed on ice by douncing in NP40 lysis buffer (50 mM HEPES-K pH 7.5, 150 mM KCl, 2 mM EDTA, 0.5% (v/v) NP-40, 0.5 mM DTT, protease inhibitor cocktail (Roche)). Cleared lysates were treated with RNase T1 (Fermentas) (final concentration 1U/?l) for 15 min at 22ÂºC. GLD-1::GFP::FLAG fusion proteins were immunoprecipitated for 1h at 4ÂºC using anti-FLAG antibody (Sigma, F3165) coupled to Protein G magnetic beads (Invitrogen). For one iPAR-CLIP experiment (1ml cleared lysate obtained from 250,000 worms), 300Âµl beads and 150Âµg antibody were used. Immunoprecipitates were treated with RNase T1 (100U/?l) for exactly 12 min at 22 ÂºC. Subsequently, PAR-CLIP was carried out as described previously (Hafner et al, 2010). cDNA libraries were sequenced on a Genome Analyzer II (Illumina).

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RNA immunoprecipitation of GLD-1 followed by microarray analysis of the co-IP'ed mRNAs

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