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Rhizobia Contribute to Salinity Tolerance in Common Beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

ABSTRACT: Rhizobia are soil bacteria that induce nodule formation on leguminous plants. In the nodules, they reduce dinitrogen to ammonium that can be utilized by plants. Besides nitrogen fixation, rhizobia have other symbiotic functions in plants including phosphorus and iron mobilization and protection of the plants against various abiotic stresses including salinity. Worldwide, about 20% of cultivable and 33% of irrigation land is saline, and it is estimated that around 50% of the arable land will be saline by 2050. Salinity inhibits plant growth and development, results in senescence, and ultimately plant death. The purpose of this study was to investigate how rhizobia, isolated from Kenyan soils, relieve common beans from salinity stress. The yield loss of common bean plants, which were either not inoculated or inoculated with the commercial R. tropici rhizobia CIAT899 was reduced by 73% when the plants were exposed to 300 mM NaCl, while only 60% yield loss was observed after inoculation with a novel indigenous isolate from Kenyan soil, named S3. Expression profiles showed that genes involved in the transport of mineral ions (such as K+, Ca2+, Fe3+, PO43-, and NO3-) to the host plant, and for the synthesis and transport of osmotolerance molecules (soluble carbohydrates, amino acids, and nucleotides) are highly expressed in S3 bacteroids during salt stress than in the controls. Furthermore, genes for the synthesis and transport of glutathione and γ-aminobutyric acid were upregulated in salt-stressed and S3-inocculated common bean plants. We conclude that microbial osmolytes, mineral ions, and antioxidant molecules from rhizobia enhance salt tolerance in common beans.

ORGANISM(S): Rhizobium phaseoli

PROVIDER: GSE216374 | GEO | 2022/10/31

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Background: Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress factor that limit agricultural productivity worldwide, and this problem is expected to grow in the future. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important protein source in developing countries is highly susceptible to salt stress. To understand the underlying mechanism of salt stress responses, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and ion content analysis were utilized for response comparison of salt-tolerant and salt-susceptible common bean genotypes in saline conditions. Results: Transcriptome analysis has revealed that the tolerant genotype had increased photosynthesis in saline conditions while the susceptible genotype acted in a contrasting way. The chlorophyll content measurements have backed up this result with increase in tolerant and decrease in susceptible genotype. Transcriptome also displayed a more active carbon and amino acid metabolism for the tolerant genotype as well. Analysis of primary metabolites with GC-MS demonstrated the boosted carbohydrate metabolism in the tolerant genotype with increased sugar content as well as better amino-acid metabolism with the accumulation of glutamate and asparagine and hinted a lowered photorespiration level for the tolerant one. Accumulation of lysine, valine, and isoleucine in the roots of the susceptible genotype suggested a halted stress response pathway. According to ion content comparison, the tolerant genotype managed to block accumulation of Na+ in the leaves while accumulating significantly less Na+ in the roots compared to susceptible genotype. K+ levels increased in the leaves of both genotype and the roots of the susceptible one but dropped in the roots of the tolerant genotype. Additionally, Zn+2 and Mn+2 levels were also dropped in the tolerant roots, while Mo+2 levels were significantly higher in all tissues in both control and saline conditions for tolerant genotype. Conclusion:The results of the presented study have demonstrated the differences in contrasting genotypes and thus provide valuable information on the pivotal molecular mechanisms underlying salt tolerance mainly in common bean, but for all crops.

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Rhizobia Contribute to Salinity Tolerance in Common Beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

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