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Pannexin-1 channels promotes CD8+ T cell effector and memory responses through distinct metabolic pathways.

ABSTRACT: Sensing of extracellular metabolites controls CD8+ T cell function. Their accumulation can occur through export by specialized molecules, such as the release channel Pannexin-1 (Panx1). Here, we report that T cell-specific Panx1 is needed for efficient CD8+ T cell responses to viral infection and cancer. Panx1 favors both the expansion of effector CD8+ T cells and the survival of memory CD8+ T cells. Our data suggests that, while memory CD8+ T cells require Panx1 for mitochondrial function, Panx1 promotes the glycolytic pathway in effector CD8+ T cells. Panx1 promotes memory CD8+ T cell survival together with the eATP sensor P2RX7. However, Panx1 induces effector CD8+ T cells independently of eATP. Rather, we found an unexpected link between Panx1, sodium lactate export and the activation of effector CD8+ T cells. Therefore, Panx1 regulates effector and memory CD8+ T cells through export of distinct metabolites and by engaging different intracellular pathways.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE218643 | GEO | 2023/08/02

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Pannexin-1 channels promotes CD8+ T cell effector and memory responses through distinct metabolic pathways

Project description:Sensing of extracellular metabolites controls CD8+ T cell function. Their accumulation can occur through export by specialized molecules, such as the release channel Pannexin-1 (Panx1). Here, we report that T cell-specific Panx1 is needed for efficient CD8+ T cell responses to viral infection and cancer. Panx1 favors both the expansion of effector CD8+ T cells and the survival of memory CD8+ T cells. Our data suggests that, while memory CD8+ T cells require Panx1 for mitochondrial function, Panx1 promotes the glycolytic pathway in effector CD8+ T cells. Panx1 promotes memory CD8+ T cell survival together with the eATP sensor P2RX7. However, Panx1 induces effector CD8+ T cells independently of eATP. Rather, we found an unexpected link between Panx1, sodium lactate export and the activation of effector CD8+ T cells. Therefore, Panx1 regulates effector and memory CD8+ T cells through export of distinct metabolites and by engaging different intracellular pathways.

2023-08-02 | GSE217292 | GEO

Expression data of ex vivo purified CD4+ cells from WT and P2rx7-/- mice

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Apoptotic cells actively release metabolite messanger with anti-inflammatory properties

Project description:Apoptosis accounts for ~ 90% of homeostatic cell turnover in the body1. While caspase-dependent apoptosis is known to influence immune tolerance, induction of cell proliferation, and tissue regeneration2-4, how these apoptotic cells contribute to such diverse effects is less understood. Soluble factors released from apoptotic cells could be a means of ‘talking’ to healthy cells in the tissue neighborhood. While a few phagocyte-attracting ‘find-me’ signals released from apoptotic cells are known5, the larger ‘metabolite secretome’ from apoptotic cells is not yet defined. Here, via unbiased profiling of the apoptotic cell secretome, we identified 123 metabolites that are specifically released during apoptosis, while cells still retain membrane integrity. Release of ~25 of these metabolites is dependent on Pannexin 1 (Panx1) channels, which are opened by caspase-dependent cleavage during apoptosis. Interestingly, one of the Panx1-dependent metabolites from apoptotic cells is spermidine, a polyamine whose release could be, in part, due to the continued metabolic activity of dying cells. RNAseq analysis of healthy cells exposed to the apoptotic secretome revealed Panx1-dependent gene programs, including genes linked to suppression of inflammation, cell proliferation, and wound healing. Analysis of the apoptotic secretome across cell types and different apoptotic stimuli, identified a core “set” of 8 Panx1-dependent metabolites. Strikingly, a selected cocktail of these metabolites demonstrated significant immunosuppressive effects by potently reducing disease severity in an inflammatory arthritis model and a lung graft rejection model. Collectively, these data advance the concept that apoptotic cells are not ‘inert’ corpses waiting for removal by phagocytes, but rather they actively communicate with the tissue environment through their metabolite secretome, with implications in tissue inflammation.

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Project description:Pannexin 1 (Panx1) channels can be activated by alpha 1 adrenoceptor-induced pathways for the sympathetic regulation of blood pressure; however, the molecular mechanisms for this form of Panx1 channel activation remain elusive. To identify potential acetyl-lysine residue(s) of Panx1 channels that might be involved in this receptor-mediated Panx1 channel activation, we performed mass-spectrometry on Strep-tagged Panx1 proteins precipitated from the whole cell lysate of HEK293T cells after stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC). Those HEK293T cells were transiently transfected with alpha1D adrenoceptors and human Panx1-Strep, with or without phenylephrine stimulation. Equal amounts of light-labeled (control) and heavy-labeled (phenylephrine stimulated) cell lysates were pooled, and Panx1 proteins were precipitated by Strep-Tactin beads, followed by LC-MS-MS analysis. From three biological replicates, we identified a consistent, albeit modest, reduction of acetylation level at K140, following phenylephrine stimulation. Whereas the acetylation level of other lysine residues (K321, K374, K381, K409) were variable among three replicates or were unaffected by phenylephrine treatment. These results implicate Panx1 K140 as a potential regulatory site for receptor-mediated channel activation via an acetylation-deacetylation mechanism.

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Project description:Neonates often generate incomplete immunity against intracellular pathogens, although the mechanism of this defect is poorly understood. An important question is whether the impaired development of memory CD8+ T cells in neonates is due to an immature priming environment or lymphocyte-intrinsic defects. Here we show that neonatal and adult CD8+ T cells adopted different fates when responding to equal amounts of stimulation in the same host. While adult CD8+ T cells differentiated into a heterogeneous pool of effector and memory cells, neonatal CD8+ T cells preferentially gave rise to short-lived effector cells and exhibited a distinct gene expression profile. Surprisingly, impaired neonatal memory formation was not due to a lack of responsiveness, but instead because neonatal CD8+ T cells expanded more rapidly than adult cells and quickly became terminally differentiated. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that neonatal CD8+ T cells exhibit an imbalance in effector and memory CD8+ T cell differentiation, which impairs the formation of memory CD8+ T cells in early life mRNA profiles of effector CD8+ T cells from neonatal and adult mice

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