Sumoylation-deficient phosphoglycerate mutase 2 impairs myogenic differentiation
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE220249 | GEO | 2023/01/11
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Purpose: To understand how SUMOylation of Jra regulates the gut immune response in Drosophila in a Pseudomonas infection model. To answer this, we performed 2 RNA-seq experiments one with knockdown of Jra in the gut and the other with a SUMO-conjugation resistant mutant (SCR) line generated by CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Methods: 50-60 midguts from adult female flies were dissected and total RNA was extracted in trizol. The total RNA was used to generate a cDNA library using Quantseq 3' mRNA kit Fwd. Expereiments done in triplicates Results: Phenotypically, JraRNAi is protective to the host and JraSCR is detrimental to the host during infection. Transcriptional profiling revealed that genes involved in immune response are differentially regulated in JraRNAi and JraSCR. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates the first detailed analysis of gut transcriptomes with varied activity of Jra using an RNAi and an allele that is resistant to SUMO conjugation. Our results show that genes important for a robust immune response are elevated in JraRNAi where as the same genes are dampened in JraSCR. This suggests that SUMO conjugation of Jra is a crucial step for robust immune activation in the gut of Drosophila.
2022-01-24 | GSE194168 | GEO
Project description:Foxp3-expressing regulatory T (Treg) cells are essential regulators in the immune system; molecular mechanisms underlying Treg cell expansion and function are still not well understood. SUMOylation is an important post-translational modification characterized by covalent attachment of SUMO moieties to lysine within proteins. UBC9 is the only E2 conjugation enzyme involved in this process and loss of UBC9 completely impairs the SUMOylation pathway. Here we report that selective deletion of Ubc9 within the Treg cell lineage resulted in fatal early-onset autoimmunity as the Foxp3 mutant mice. Ubc9-deficient Treg cells exhibited severe defects in TCR-driven homeostatic proliferation, accompanied by impaired activation and compromised suppressor function. Importantly, TCR-enhanced SUMOylation of IRF4, a critical regulator of Treg cell function downstream of TCR signals, regulates its stability in Treg cells. Our data thus have demonstrated an essential role of SUMOylation in the expansion and function of Treg cells. RNA-seq library was generated using mRNA of CD4+ YFP+ Treg cells sorted from lymph nodes and spleen of Foxp3cre/wtUbc9fl/wt or Foxp3cre/wtUbc9fl/fl mice, each sample contained pooled Treg cells from 5~10 mice.
2016-05-31 | E-GEOD-82031 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The chromatin organizers Satb1 and Satb2 regulate developmental genes in a tissue- and locus-specific manner. In mouse Embryonic Stem Cells (mESCs), the Satb proteins are involved in the balance between pluripotency and differentiation by direct control of key developmental factors such as Nanog and a number of Hox genes. Despite their structural similarities, the Satb proteins regulate mESC pluripotency in opposing ways: Satb1 promotes differentiation by repressing Nanog and activating the neural genes Bcl2 and Nestin, while Satb2 supports the pluripotent state by activating Nanog and repressing Satb1. To further address the mechanisms by which the Satb proteins regulate gene expression, we examined the conjugation of Satb2 with the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) in pluripotent and differentiated mESCs. We describe for the first time the endogenous SUMOylation of Satb2 in mESCs as a response to developmental cues. We found that Satb2 is progressively SUMO2-modified during differentiation of ESCs towards ectodermal precursors. Moreover, we identified Zfp451 as a SUMO E3 ligase able to interact with and modify Satb2 with SUMO2 in vitro and in vivo. Ablation of Zfp451 or mutation of the SUMO-acceptor lysines in the Satb2 protein disrupt the ability of mESCs to efficiently shut-down pluripotency genes and activate the differentiation program. Importantly, forced expression of SUMO2-Satb2 N-terminal fusions rescues the differentiation defect of SUMO-Satb2 deficient mESCs. Mechanistically, SUMOylation reduces binding of Satb2 to a subset of loci associated to pluripotency genes and changes the composition of Satb2-containing complexes in chromatin. Taken together, our data suggests that SUMO modification of the chromatin organizer Satb2 by the E3 ligase Zfp451 is required for the efficient downregulation of pluripotency genes and initiation of the differentiation program in mouse embryonic stem cells.
2021-07-08 | GSE153078 | GEO
Project description:The chromatin organizers Satb1 and Satb2 regulate developmental genes in a tissue- and locus-specific manner. In mouse Embryonic Stem Cells (mESCs), the Satb proteins are involved in the balance between pluripotency and differentiation by direct control of key developmental factors such as Nanog and a number of Hox genes. Despite their structural similarities, the Satb proteins regulate mESC pluripotency in opposing ways: Satb1 promotes differentiation by repressing Nanog and activating the neural genes Bcl2 and Nestin, while Satb2 supports the pluripotent state by activating Nanog and repressing Satb1. To further address the mechanisms by which the Satb proteins regulate gene expression, we examined the conjugation of Satb2 with the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) in pluripotent and differentiated mESCs. We describe for the first time the endogenous SUMOylation of Satb2 in mESCs as a response to developmental cues. We found that Satb2 is progressively SUMO2-modified during differentiation of ESCs towards ectodermal precursors. Moreover, we identified Zfp451 as a SUMO E3 ligase able to interact with and modify Satb2 with SUMO2 in vitro and in vivo. Ablation of Zfp451 or mutation of the SUMO-acceptor lysines in the Satb2 protein disrupt the ability of mESCs to efficiently shut-down pluripotency genes and activate the differentiation program. Importantly, forced expression of SUMO2-Satb2 N-terminal fusions rescues the differentiation defect of SUMO-Satb2 deficient mESCs. Mechanistically, SUMOylation reduces binding of Satb2 to a subset of loci associated to pluripotency genes and changes the composition of Satb2-containing complexes in chromatin. Taken together, our data suggests that SUMO modification of the chromatin organizer Satb2 by the E3 ligase Zfp451 is required for the efficient downregulation of pluripotency genes and initiation of the differentiation program in mouse embryonic stem cells.
2021-07-08 | GSE119990 | GEO
Project description:The chromatin organizers Satb1 and Satb2 regulate developmental genes in a tissue- and locus-specific manner. In mouse Embryonic Stem Cells (mESCs), the Satb proteins are involved in the balance between pluripotency and differentiation by direct control of key developmental factors such as Nanog and a number of Hox genes. Despite their structural similarities, the Satb proteins regulate mESC pluripotency in opposing ways: Satb1 promotes differentiation by repressing Nanog and activating the neural genes Bcl2 and Nestin, while Satb2 supports the pluripotent state by activating Nanog and repressing Satb1. To further address the mechanisms by which the Satb proteins regulate gene expression, we examined the conjugation of Satb2 with the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) in pluripotent and differentiated mESCs. We describe for the first time the endogenous SUMOylation of Satb2 in mESCs as a response to developmental cues. We found that Satb2 is progressively SUMO2-modified during differentiation of ESCs towards ectodermal precursors. Moreover, we identified Zfp451 as a SUMO E3 ligase able to interact with and modify Satb2 with SUMO2 in vitro and in vivo. Ablation of Zfp451 or mutation of the SUMO-acceptor lysines in the Satb2 protein disrupt the ability of mESCs to efficiently shut-down pluripotency genes and activate the differentiation program. Importantly, forced expression of SUMO2-Satb2 N-terminal fusions rescues the differentiation defect of SUMO-Satb2 deficient mESCs. Mechanistically, SUMOylation reduces binding of Satb2 to a subset of loci associated to pluripotency genes and changes the composition of Satb2-containing complexes in chromatin. Taken together, our data suggests that SUMO modification of the chromatin organizer Satb2 by the E3 ligase Zfp451 is required for the efficient downregulation of pluripotency genes and initiation of the differentiation program in mouse embryonic stem cells.
2021-07-08 | GSE119989 | GEO
Project description:Foxp3-expressing regulatory T (Treg) cells are essential regulators in the immune system; molecular mechanisms underlying Treg cell expansion and function are still not well understood. SUMOylation is an important post-translational modification characterized by covalent attachment of SUMO moieties to lysine within proteins. UBC9 is the only E2 conjugation enzyme involved in this process and loss of UBC9 completely impairs the SUMOylation pathway. Here we report that selective deletion of Ubc9 within the Treg cell lineage resulted in fatal early-onset autoimmunity as the Foxp3 mutant mice. Ubc9-deficient Treg cells exhibited severe defects in TCR-driven homeostatic proliferation, accompanied by impaired activation and compromised suppressor function. Importantly, TCR-enhanced SUMOylation of IRF4, a critical regulator of Treg cell function downstream of TCR signals, regulates its stability in Treg cells. Our data thus have demonstrated an essential role of SUMOylation in the expansion and function of Treg cells.
2016-05-31 | GSE82031 | GEO
Project description:SUMOylation, a posttranslational modification, regulates proteins by covalent attachment of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins to a lysine (Lys) residue on target proteins. Here we use TAK-981, a selective SUMO-activating enzyme (SAE) inhibitor, to inhibit global SUMOylation in glucocorticoid sensitive and resistant multiple myeloma cell lines.
2021-12-31 | GSE163682 | GEO
Project description:SUMOylation, a post-translational protein modification, is dramatically upregulated and critically involved in heat stress response conservatively among species. Previous studies in Arabidopsis indicated that numerous chromatin associated proteins are SUMOylation substrates and most of heat-enhancing SUMOylation reactions occur in nucleus. However, the global functional connection between gene expression regulation and SUMOylation on chromatin is completely unknown in plant cells. Here we show a genome-wide relationship of chromatin-associated SUMOylation and transcription switches under room temperature, heat stress, and recovering conditions in Arabidopsis. The SUMO-associated chromatin sites, characterized via whole-genome ChIP-seq assays, are generally correlated with active chromatin markers. In response to heat stress, we found chromatin-associated SUMO signals increased at promoter-transcriptional start site regions and decreased in the gene bodies. Further RNA-seq analysis supported the role of chromatin-associated SUMOylation in activation of transcription during rapid responses to high temperature. Changing of SUMO signals on chromatin is correlated with upregulation of heat-responsive genes and downregulation of growth-related genes. Disruption of the SUMO ligase gene SIZ1 abolishes SUMO signals on chromatin and attenuates the rapid transcriptional responses to heat stress. Interestingly, the SUMO signal peaks are enriched in DNA elements recognized by distinguished groups of transcription factors under different temperature conditions. Collectively, our data provide evidence that SUMOylation on chromatin regulates transcription switches during development and heat stress response, improving our understanding on the precise roles of SUMOylation in plant cells.
2020-08-04 | GSE140507 | GEO
Project description:SUMOylation, a post-translational protein modification, is dramatically upregulated and critically involved in heat stress response conservatively among species. Previous studies in Arabidopsis indicated that numerous chromatin associated proteins are SUMOylation substrates and most of heat-enhancing SUMOylation reactions occur in nucleus. However, the global functional connection between gene expression regulation and SUMOylation on chromatin is completely unknown in plant cells. Here we show a genome-wide relationship of chromatin-associated SUMOylation and transcription switches under room temperature, heat stress, and recovering conditions in Arabidopsis. The SUMO-associated chromatin sites, characterized via whole-genome ChIP-seq assays, are generally correlated with active chromatin markers. In response to heat stress, we found chromatin-associated SUMO signals increased at promoter-transcriptional start site regions and decreased in the gene bodies. Further RNA-seq analysis supported the role of chromatin-associated SUMOylation in activation of transcription during rapid responses to high temperature. Changing of SUMO signals on chromatin is correlated with upregulation of heat-responsive genes and downregulation of growth-related genes. Disruption of the SUMO ligase gene SIZ1 abolishes SUMO signals on chromatin and attenuates the rapid transcriptional responses to heat stress. Interestingly, the SUMO signal peaks are enriched in DNA elements recognized by distinguished groups of transcription factors under different temperature conditions. Collectively, our data provide evidence that SUMOylation on chromatin regulates transcription switches during development and heat stress response, improving our understanding on the precise roles of SUMOylation in plant cells.
2020-08-04 | GSE140506 | GEO
Project description:Tight control of gene expression networks involved in adipose tissue formation and plasticity is required to adapt to energy needs and environmental cues. However, little is known about the mechanisms that orchestrate the dramatic transcriptional changes leading to adipocyte differentiation. We investigated the regulation of nascent transcription by SUMO during adipocyte differentiation using SLAMseq and ChIPseq. We discovered that SUMO has a dual function in differentiation; it supports the initial downregulation of pre-adipocyte-specific genes, while it promotes the establishment of the mature adipocyte transcriptional program. By characterizing sumoylome dynamics in differentiating adipocytes by mass spectrometry we found that SUMOylation of specific transcription factors like PPAR/RXR and chromatin modifiers promotes the transcription of adipogenic genes. Our data demonstrate that the sumoylation pathway helps coordinates the rewiring of transcriptional networks required for formation of functional adipocytes.
2022-01-06 | GSE167220 | GEO