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Protein SUMOylation is required for regulatory T cell expansion and function

ABSTRACT: Foxp3-expressing regulatory T (Treg) cells are essential regulators in the immune system; molecular mechanisms underlying Treg cell expansion and function are still not well understood. SUMOylation is an important post-translational modification characterized by covalent attachment of SUMO moieties to lysine within proteins. UBC9 is the only E2 conjugation enzyme involved in this process and loss of UBC9 completely impairs the SUMOylation pathway. Here we report that selective deletion of Ubc9 within the Treg cell lineage resulted in fatal early-onset autoimmunity as the Foxp3 mutant mice. Ubc9-deficient Treg cells exhibited severe defects in TCR-driven homeostatic proliferation, accompanied by impaired activation and compromised suppressor function. Importantly, TCR-enhanced SUMOylation of IRF4, a critical regulator of Treg cell function downstream of TCR signals, regulates its stability in Treg cells. Our data thus have demonstrated an essential role of SUMOylation in the expansion and function of Treg cells.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE82031 | GEO | 2016/05/31

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA323724

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Protein SUMOylation is required for regulatory T cell expansion and function

Project description:Foxp3-expressing regulatory T (Treg) cells are essential regulators in the immune system; molecular mechanisms underlying Treg cell expansion and function are still not well understood. SUMOylation is an important post-translational modification characterized by covalent attachment of SUMO moieties to lysine within proteins. UBC9 is the only E2 conjugation enzyme involved in this process and loss of UBC9 completely impairs the SUMOylation pathway. Here we report that selective deletion ofÂ Ubc9Â within the Treg cell lineage resulted in fatal early-onset autoimmunity as the Foxp3 mutant mice. Ubc9-deficient Treg cells exhibited severe defects in TCR-driven homeostatic proliferation, accompanied by impaired activation and compromised suppressor function. Importantly, TCR-enhanced SUMOylation of IRF4, a critical regulator of Treg cell function downstream of TCR signals, regulates its stability in Treg cells. Our data thus have demonstrated an essential role of SUMOylation in the expansion and function of Treg cells. RNA-seq library was generated using mRNA of CD4+ YFP+ Treg cells sorted from lymph nodes and spleen of Foxp3cre/wtUbc9fl/wt or Foxp3cre/wtUbc9fl/fl mice, each sample contained pooled Treg cells from 5~10 mice.

2016-05-31 | E-GEOD-82031 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Is transthyretin a regulator of Ubc9 SUMOylation?

Project description:Ageing and mutations of transthyretin (TTR), the thyroid hormones and retinol transporting protein lead to amyloidosis by destabilizing the structure of TTR. Because protein structure is regulated through posttranslational modifications, we investigated the Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO)ylation of TTR. We chose the widely used Ubc9 fusion-directed SUMOylation system, which is based on a fusion of the SUMOylation substrate of interest with Ubc9, a sole SUMO conjugating enzyme. Surprisingly, despite our presumptions, we found that Ubc9 fused to TTR was SUMOylated at a unique set of lysine residues. Three unknown SUMOylation sites of Ubc9—K154, K18 and K65—were revealed by mass spectrometry (MS). The previously reported SUMOylation at K49 of Ubc9 was also observed. SUMOylation of the lysine residues of TTR fused to Ubc9 was hardly detectable. However, non-fused TTR was SUMOylated via trans-SUMOylation by Ubc9 fused to TTR. Interestingly, mutating the catalytic residue of Ubc9 fused to TTR did not result in complete loss of the SUMOylation signal, suggesting that Ubc9 linked to TTR is directly cross-SUMOylated by the SUMO-activating enzyme E1. Ubc9, TTR or fusion proteins composed of TTR and Ubc9 specifically affected the global SUMOylation of cellular proteins. TTR or Ubc9 alone increased global SUMOylation, whereas TTR and Ubc9 together decreased the amount of high-molecular weight (HMW) SUMO conjugates. Our data suggest that TTR may influence the SUMOylation of Ubc9, thereby altering signalling pathways in the cell.

2016-08-15 | PXD004515 | Pride

Is transthyretin a regulator of Ubc9 SUMOylation?

2017-03-29 | MSV000080754 | MassIVE

H3K4me3 chromatin profiling in SUMOylation-competent and -deficient bone marrow derived dendritic cells unstimulated or stimulated with LPS

Project description:Purpose: To determine H3K4me3 chromatin profile in UBC9WT and UBC9KO BMDC before and after LPS stimulation. Methods: H3K4me3 chromatin profile was determined by sequencing UBC9 WT and UBC9 KO BMDC chromatin immunoprecipitated with antibody specific for H3K4me3. Results: We show differential chromatin profile for H3K4me3 on the ifnb1 locus between UBC9 KO cells and UBC9 WT. Conclusions: Loss of SUMOylation causes a deregulation of ifnb1 transcription activation mark. A study of H3K4me3 chromatin profile in UBC9 WT and UBC9 KO Bone Marrow derived Dendritic Cells.

2015-12-14 | E-GEOD-66338 | biostudies-arrayexpress

SUMOylation promotes survival and integration of neural stem cell grafts in stroke

Project description:In this study we sought to determine the effect of overexpressing the SUMOylation E2 conjugase Ubc9 on the response of murine Neural Stem Cells (NSCs) to oxygen-glucose-deprivation and restoration of oxygen/glucose (OGD/ROG). We established stably-expandable lines of NSCs from the subventricular zones (SVZ) of adult wild-type mice (WT NSCs) and Ubc9-overexpressing mice (Ubc9 NSCs) and profiled their transcriptional changes in response to OGD/ROG as well as in response to differentiation.

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Nemo-like kinase drives Foxp3 stability and is critical for maintenance of immune tolerance by regulatory T cells

Project description:The Foxp3 transcription factor is a crucial determinant of both regulatory T (TREG) cell development and their functional maintenance. Appropriate modulation of tolerogenic immune responses therefore requires tight regulation of Foxp3 transcriptional output, and this involves both transcriptional and post-translational regulation. Here, we show that during T cell activation, phosphorylation of Foxp3 in TREG cells can be regulated by a TGFβ Activated Kinase 1 (TAK1)-Nemo Like Kinase (NLK) signaling pathway. NLK interacts with Foxp3 in TREG cells and directly phosphorylates Foxp3 on multiple serine residues. This phosphorylation results in stabilization of Foxp3 protein levels by preventing association with the STUB1 E3-ubiquitin protein ligase, resulting in both reduced ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation. Conditional TREG cell NLK-knockout (NLKTREG) results in decreased TREG cell-mediated immunosuppression in vivo and NLK-deficient TREG cell animals develop more severe experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Our data suggest a molecular mechanism, in which stimulation of TCR-mediated signaling can induce a TAK1-NLK pathway to sustain Foxp3 transcriptional activity through stabilization of protein levels, thereby maintaining TREG cell suppressive function. Pharmacological manipulation of this phosphorylation-ubiquitination axis may provide therapeutic opportunities for regulating TREG cell function, for example during cancer immunotherapy.

2019-09-02 | PXD011164 | Pride

Continuous requirement for the T cell receptor for regulatory T cell function

Project description:Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells) maintain immunological tolerance and their deficiency results in fatal multi-organ autoimmunity. Although heightened T cell receptor (TCR) signaling is critical for the differentiation of Treg cells, the role of TCR signaling in Treg cell function remains largely unknown. Here we demonstrate inducible ablation of the TCR results in Treg cell dysfunction which cannot be attributed to impaired Foxp3 expression, decreased expression of Treg cell signature genes or altered ability to sense and consume interleukin 2. Rather, TCR signaling was required for maintaining the expression of a limited subset of genes comprising 25% of the activated Treg cell transcriptional signature. Our results reveal a critical role for the TCR in Treg cell suppressor capacity. Array expression of Foxp3-CreERT2 CalphaFL/WT mice

2014-09-08 | E-GEOD-61077 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Continuous T cell receptor signals maintain a functional regulatory T cell pool

Project description:During development, thymocytes bearing a moderately self-reactive T cell receptor (TCR) can be selected to become regulatory T (Treg) cells. Several observations suggest that also in the periphery mature Treg cells continuously receive self-reactive TCR signals. However, the importance of this inherent autoreactivity for Treg cell biology remains poorly defined. To address this open question, we genetically ablated the TCR of mature Treg cells in vivo. These experiments revealed that TCR-induced Treg lineage-defining FoxP3 expression and gene hypomethylation were uncoupled from TCR input in mature Treg cells. However, Treg cell homeostasis, cell-type-specific gene expression and suppressive function critically depend on continuous triggering of their TCR. TCRpos (FoxP3+ CD4+ CD25high cells from CM-NM-1F/F FoxP3 I eGFP mice) and TCRneg (FoxP3+ TCRM-bM-^@M-^S CD4+ CD25high cells from Mx-Cre CM-NM-1F/F FoxP3 I eGFP mice) Treg cells were FACS sorted 6 weeks after poly(I:C) injection. Cells from 3-5 mice were pooled for sorting, and 4 replicates for the controls (TCRpos) as well as 5 replicates for the Mx-Cre (TCRneg) mice were generated. mRNA from 3-5 x 105 cells was purified with a RNeasy Micro kit (Qiagen), amplified, labeled and hybridized to Affymetrix M430 V2 microarrays

2014-10-21 | E-GEOD-62532 | biostudies-arrayexpress

H3K4me3 chromatin profiling in SUMOylation-competent and -deficient bone marrow derived dendritic cells unstimulated or stimulated with LPS

2015-12-14 | GSE66338 | GEO

PML Nuclear Bodies are stress-responsive sumoylation/degradation compartments regulating KAP1 silencing function in embryonic stem cells

Project description:PML drives the assembly of PML Nuclear Bodies (NBs), where it recruits many serendipitously-identified proteins, including the SUMO-E2 enzyme UBC9. Interferons, arsenic or oxidative stress, all enhance NB-formation. Here demonstrate that PML is required for efficient basal sumoylation in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and immediate stress-responsive sumoylation in mouse liver or Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL). Biochemically, PML NBs confer an oxidation-protective environment for the redox-sensitive UBC9 activity, which, together with enzyme/target concentration/immobilization, favors processive SUMO2/3 conjugation. Accordingly, PML-facilitated sumoylation is accompanied by ubiquitination and degradation of some targets. In vivo proteomic analysis of SUMO2 conjugates in APL identified therapy-responsive targets, among which the prominent KAP1 complex of epigenetic regulators. In mESCs, PML is required for SUMO-dependent KAP1 repressive activity and for the resulting silencing of transposable elements and 2-cell-like genes. The ES status is further regulated by a PML-facilitated repressive sumoylation of the Dppa2 zygote genome activation driver. These findings establish the biochemical function of PML NBs in vivo and unveiling an unsuspected epigenetic control of key ESC targets by PML.

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