Treatment with HKMTI-1-005, a dual inhibitor of EZH2 and G9a/GLP histone methyltransferases, promotes differentiation of acute myeloid leukaemialeukemia
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ABSTRACT: The canonical function of EZH2 is methylation of H3K27, although important non-canonical roles have recently been described. EZH2 mutation or deregulated expression has been conclusively demonstrated in the pathogenesis and response to treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), thus making it an attractive therapeutic target. In this study, we therefore investigated whether inhibition of EZH2 might also improve the response of non-APL AML cells to ATRA-based therapy. We focused on GSK-343, a pyridone-containing S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) cofactor-competitive EZH2 inhibitor that is representative of its class, and HKMTI-1-005, a substrate-competitive dual inhibitor targeting EZH2 and the closely related G9A/GLP H3K9 methyltransferases. We found that treatment with HKMTI-1-005 phenocopied EZH2 knockdown and was more effective in inducing myeloid differentiation (both in the absence and presence of ATRA) than GSK-343, despite the efficacy of GSK-343 in terms of abolishing H3K27 trimethylation. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis revealed that in contrast to treatment with GSK-343, HKMTI-1-005 upregulated the expression of myeloid differentiation pathway genes with and without ATRA, while downregulating genes associated with a hematopoietic stem cell phenotype. Expression data (by HuGene 1.0 ST Affymetrix arrays) from HL-60 AML cells treated for 3 days with EZH2 inhibitors (10µM GSK343 or 2.5µM HKMTI-1-005) with or without AtRA (0.1µM) as well as data from HL-60 cells stabelly transduced with EZH2 KD (shEZH2#1 and shEZH2#2) or control (Scr) lentiviruses, selected and expanded for ~20 days with or without treatment with 0.1µM AtRA for 3 days.
Project description:We investigate the effects of GCN5 and LSD1 inhibition in acute myeloid leukemia. Therefore, we characterized gene expression changes by RNA-seq in AML cells (AML M2 cell line HL-60) following treatment with ATRA, MB3, GSK-LSD1 and their combinations.
Project description:We investigate the effects of GCN5 and LSD1 inhibition in acute myeloid leukemia. Therefore, we characterized acetylation and di-methylation changes by ChIP-seq in AML cells (AML M2 cell line HL-60) following treatment with ATRA, MB3, GSK-LSD1 and their combinations.
Project description:All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-based differentiation therapy has achieved success with the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), a unique subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, other subtypes of AML display resistance to ATRA-based treatment. Here, we demonstrate that a novel natural vibsane-type diterpenoid vibsanine A promotes the differentiation of myeloid leukemia cell lines and primary AML blasts. To reveal how vibsanine A function on promoting myeloid leukemia cell differentiation, we analyzed and compared the gene expression profiles in myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells treated with vibsanine A, PMA, and ATRA. HL-60 cells were treated with vibsanine A, PMA and ATRA for 6 hours or longer up to 24 hours. Gene expression profiling was conducted
Project description:Gene expression data from AML cell lines, MOLM-14, U937, THP-1 and HL-60, that were infected with a scrambled control hairpin (shControl), two shRNAs directed against GSK-3B (shGSK3B_1 and shGSK3B_2), or two shRNAs directed against GSK-3A (shGSK3A_5 and shGSK3A_6). Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common form of acute leukemia in adults. Long-term survival of patients with AML has changed little over the past decade, necessitating the identification and validation of new AML targets. Integration of genomic approaches with small-molecule and genetic-based high-throughput screening holds the promise of improved discovery of candidate targets for cancer therapy. Here, we identified a role for glycogen synthase kinase 3A (GSK-3A) in AML by performing two independent small-molecule library screens and an shRNA screen for perturbations that induced a differentiation expression signature in AML cells. GSK-3 is a serine-threonine kinase involved in diverse cellular processes including differentiation, signal transduction, cell cycle regulation, and proliferation. We demonstrated that specific loss of GSK-3A induced differentiation in AML by multiple measurements, including induction of gene expression signatures, morphological changes, and cell surface markers consistent with myeloid maturation. GSK-3AM-bM-^@M-^Sspecific suppression also led to impaired growth and proliferation in vitro, induction of apoptosis, loss of colony formation in methylcellulose, and anti-AML activity in vivo. Although the role of GSK-3B has been well studied in cancer development, these studies support a role for GSK-3A in AML. The AML cell lines, MOLM-14, U937, THP-1 and HL-60, were infected with a scrambled control hairpin (shControl), two shRNAs directed against GSK-3B (shGSK3B_1 and shGSK3B_2), and two shRNAs directed against GSK-3A (shGSK3A_5 and shGSK3A_6).
Project description:Searching for new strategies of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment is of particular interest. Cell lines, e. g. HL-60 and NB4, represent model systems to study molecular features of leukemic cells. The all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) has proven itself to be an effective treatment for one of AML subtypes, i.e., acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). At the same time, ATRA causes granulocytic differentiation of non-APL leukemic cells in vitro. Combination of new therapeutics with ATRA could improve efficiency of treatment. Studying the proteome perturbation in leukemic cells under the ATRA treatment allows to determine potential regulatory molecules that could be affected pharmacologically. Thus, the TMT-based proteomic profiles of HL-60, NB4, and K562 cell lines under the ATRA treatment were obtained at 0, 3, 12, 24, and 72 h after the ATRA treatment.
Project description:All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-based differentiation therapy has achieved success with the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), a unique subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, other subtypes of AML display resistance to ATRA-based treatment. Here, we demonstrate that a novel natural vibsane-type diterpenoid vibsanin A promotes the differentiation of myeloid leukemia cell lines and primary AML blasts. To reveal how vibsanin A function on promoting myeloid leukemia cell differentiation, we analyzed and compared the gene expression profiles in myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells treated with vibsanin A, PMA, and ATRA.
Project description:All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) has been successfully used in therapy of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), a cytogenetically distinct subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) but the response of non-APL AML cases to ATRA-based treatment has been poor. Here we show that, via epigenetic reprogramming, inhibitors of LSD1/KDM1 demethylase including tranylcypromine (TCP) unlocked the ATRA-driven therapeutic response in non-APL AML. LSD1 inhibition did not lead to an increase in genome-wide H3 lysine4 dimethylation (H3K4me2) but did increase H3K4me2 and expression of myeloid differentiation-associated genes. Importantly, treatment with ATRA plus TCP dramatically diminished engraftment of primary human AML cells in vivo in NOD.SCID mice, suggesting that ATRA in combination with TCP may target leukemia-initiating cells. Furthermore, initiation of ATRA plus TCP co-treatment 15 days post-engraftment of human AML cells in NOD.SCID gamma mice also revealed the ATRA plus TCP drug combination to have a potent anti-leukemic effect, which was superior to treatment with either drug alone. These data identify LSD1 as a therapeutic target and strongly suggest that it may contribute to AML pathogenesis by inhibiting the normal pro-differentiative function of ATRA, paving the way for novel combinatorial therapies of AML. Overall, 30 specimens derived from HL-60 or TEX cell line were treated with drugs and hybridized to Illumina HumanHT-12 gene expression arrays.
Project description:All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) has been successfully used in therapy of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), a cytogenetically distinct subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) but the response of non-APL AML cases to ATRA-based treatment has been poor. Here we show that, via epigenetic reprogramming, inhibitors of LSD1/KDM1 demethylase including tranylcypromine (TCP) unlocked the ATRA-driven therapeutic response in non-APL AML. LSD1 inhibition did not lead to an increase in genome-wide H3 lysine4 dimethylation (H3K4me2) but did increase H3K4me2 and expression of myeloid differentiation-associated genes. Importantly, treatment with ATRA plus TCP dramatically diminished engraftment of primary human AML cells in vivo in NOD.SCID mice, suggesting that ATRA in combination with TCP may target leukemia-initiating cells. Furthermore, initiation of ATRA plus TCP co-treatment 15 days post-engraftment of human AML cells in NOD.SCID gamma mice also revealed the ATRA plus TCP drug combination to have a potent anti-leukemic effect, which was superior to treatment with either drug alone. These data identify LSD1 as a therapeutic target and strongly suggest that it may contribute to AML pathogenesis by inhibiting the normal pro-differentiative function of ATRA, paving the way for novel combinatorial therapies of AML. ChIP-seq was used to study the effects of ATRA, TCP and ATRA/TCP treatment on H3K4 dimethylation. In addition to the three treatment samples, two reference samples were processed: (i) An untreated sample using the same anti-H3K4me2 antibody and an untreated sample using IgG. These five sequencing experiments were conducted using HL-60 cells and TEX cells, leading to 10 ChIP-seq samples in total.
Project description:Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a challenging hematologic malignancy, necessitating the exploration of novel treatment strategies. In this study, we investigated the effects of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), AM80, and their combination treatments with GSK-LSD1 and MB3 on gene expression in OCI-AML3 cells.
Project description:Gene expression data from AML cell lines, MOLM-14, U937, THP-1 and HL-60, that were infected with a scrambled control hairpin (shControl), two shRNAs directed against GSK-3B (shGSK3B_1 and shGSK3B_2), or two shRNAs directed against GSK-3A (shGSK3A_5 and shGSK3A_6). Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common form of acute leukemia in adults. Long-term survival of patients with AML has changed little over the past decade, necessitating the identification and validation of new AML targets. Integration of genomic approaches with small-molecule and genetic-based high-throughput screening holds the promise of improved discovery of candidate targets for cancer therapy. Here, we identified a role for glycogen synthase kinase 3A (GSK-3A) in AML by performing two independent small-molecule library screens and an shRNA screen for perturbations that induced a differentiation expression signature in AML cells. GSK-3 is a serine-threonine kinase involved in diverse cellular processes including differentiation, signal transduction, cell cycle regulation, and proliferation. We demonstrated that specific loss of GSK-3A induced differentiation in AML by multiple measurements, including induction of gene expression signatures, morphological changes, and cell surface markers consistent with myeloid maturation. GSK-3A–specific suppression also led to impaired growth and proliferation in vitro, induction of apoptosis, loss of colony formation in methylcellulose, and anti-AML activity in vivo. Although the role of GSK-3B has been well studied in cancer development, these studies support a role for GSK-3A in AML.