Cyclin B1 deficiency in renal tubular epithelial cells promotes kidney ageing and fibrosis in mice
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE224039 | GEO | 2024/01/01
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Epithelial cells arrested in G2/M phase of the cell cycle after injury is a key checkpoint for determining the wound-healing to either normal cell proliferation or fibrosis. The mechanism that regulates the fibrogenic response after injury is not well understood. Here, we identified a kidney- and liver-enriched circular RNA, circBNC2, which was abundantly expressed in normal renal tubular cells and hepatocytes but significantly downregulated after acute ischemic or toxic insults. The loss of circBNC2 was at least partially mediated by upregulation of DHX9. Gain-of- and loss-of-function studies, both in vitro and in vivo, demonstrated that circBNC2 acted as a negative regulator for cell G2/M arrest by encoding a novel protein that promoted formation of CDK1/cyclin B1 complex. Restoring circBNC2 in experimentally-induced fibrotic kidney and liver decreased G2/M arrested cells with secretion of fibrotic factors, mitigated extracellular matrix deposition and fibrosis. Decreased expression of circBNC2 and increasement of G2/M arrest of epithelial cells were recapitulated in human IRI-induced chronic kidney disease and inflammation-induced liver fibrosis, highlighting the clinical relevance. These findings suggest that preventing the fibrogenic response by regulating cell cycle arrest might be a potential therapeutic strategy for organ fibrosis.
2022-04-18 | PXD033284 |
Project description:Tubular epithelial cells (TECs) undergo an energy metabolism shift from fatty acid oxidation (FAO) to glycolysis in renal fibrosis. The critical pathways leading to the halt of FAO in TECs have been well described, whereas the mechanism underlying the burst of glycolysis remains elusive. We herein reported a critical glycolysis regulator emerged in TECs amid the renal fibrosis, the transcriptional factor forkhead box protein K1 (FOXK1), which exhibited fibrogenic and metabolism-rewiring capacity. Genetic modification of FOXK1 in TECs altered the glycolytic metabolism and fibrotic lesion. The surge of a set of glycolysis-related genes following FOXK1 activation contributed to the energic shift. Nuclear-translocated FOXK1 formed condensates through liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) to drive the target genes transcription. The core intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) within FOXK1 were further mapped and validated. Finally, we explored the therapeutic strategy targeting Foxk1 in the CKD mouse model by subcapsular injecting Foxk1-shRNA-carrying AAV9 vector.
2024-02-29 | GSE253528 | GEO
Project description:Proximal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) demand high energy and rely on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation as a main energy source. However, this is disturbed in renal fibrosis. Acetylation is an important posttranslational modification for mitochondrial metabolism. The mitochondrial protein NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) regulates mitochondrial metabolic function. Therefore, we aimed to identify the changes in the acetylome in tubules from fibrotic kidneys and determine their association with mitochondria. We found that decreased SIRT3 expression was accompanied by increased acetylation in mitochondria that have separated from TECs during the early phase of renal fibrosis. SIRT3 knockout mice were susceptible to hyper-acetylated mitochondrial proteins and to severe renal fibrosis. The activation of SIRT3 by honokiol ameliorated acetylation and prevented renal fibrosis. Analysis of the acetylome in separated tubules using LC-MS/MS showed that most kidney proteins were hyper-acetylated after unilateral ureteral obstruction. The increased acetylated proteins with 26.76% were mitochondrial proteins which were mapped to a broad range of mitochondrial pathways including fatty acid β-oxidation, the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1α (PDHE1α), which is the primary link between glycolysis and the TCA cycle, was hyper-acetylated at lysine 385 in TECs after TGF-β1 stimulation, and was regulated by SIRT3. Our findings showed that mitochondrial proteins involved in regulating energy metabolism were acetylated and targeted by SIRT3 in TECs. The deacetylation of PDHE1α by SIRT3 at lysine 385 plays a key role in metabolic reprogramming associated with renal fibrosis.
2022-02-16 | PXD021357 | Pride
Project description:Hypoxia promotes an aggressive tumor phenotype with increased genomic instability, partially due to downregulation of DNA repair pathways. However, in addition to DNA repair, genome stability is also controlled by cell cycle checkpoints. An important issue is therefore whether hypoxia also can alter the DNA damage cell cycle checkpoints. Here, we show that hypoxia (24h 0.2% O2) alters the expression of several G2 checkpoint regulators, as examined by microarray gene expression analysis and immunoblotting of U2OS cells. While some of the changes reflected hypoxia-induced inhibition of cell cycle progression, flow cytometric bar-coding analysis of individual cells showed that the levels of several G2 checkpoint regulators were reduced in G2 phase cells after hypoxic exposure, in particular cyclin B1. These effects were accompanied by decreased Cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) activity in G2 phase cells after hypoxia. Furthermore, cells pre-exposed to hypoxia showed a longer G2 checkpoint arrest upon treatment with ionizing radiation. Similar results were found following other hypoxic conditions (~0.03 % O2 20h and 0.2% O2 72h). These results demonstrate that the DNA damage G2 checkpoint can be altered as a consequence of hypoxia, and we propose that such alterations may influence the genome stability of hypoxic tumors. We measured gene expression changes in U2OS cells after treatment with 0.2% hypoxia for 24 hours. The data were used in the exploration of hyopxia induced alterations in the G2 checkpoint.
2016-01-04 | E-GEOD-70530 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Hypoxia promotes an aggressive tumor phenotype with increased genomic instability, partially due to downregulation of DNA repair pathways. However, in addition to DNA repair, genome stability is also controlled by cell cycle checkpoints. An important issue is therefore whether hypoxia also can alter the DNA damage cell cycle checkpoints. Here, we show that hypoxia (24h 0.2% O2) alters the expression of several G2 checkpoint regulators, as examined by microarray gene expression analysis and immunoblotting of U2OS cells. While some of the changes reflected hypoxia-induced inhibition of cell cycle progression, flow cytometric bar-coding analysis of individual cells showed that the levels of several G2 checkpoint regulators were reduced in G2 phase cells after hypoxic exposure, in particular cyclin B1. These effects were accompanied by decreased Cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) activity in G2 phase cells after hypoxia. Furthermore, cells pre-exposed to hypoxia showed a longer G2 checkpoint arrest upon treatment with ionizing radiation. Similar results were found following other hypoxic conditions (~0.03 % O2 20h and 0.2% O2 72h). These results demonstrate that the DNA damage G2 checkpoint can be altered as a consequence of hypoxia, and we propose that such alterations may influence the genome stability of hypoxic tumors.
2016-01-04 | GSE70530 | GEO
Project description:Cellular proliferation is highly regulated to ensure proper tissue homeostasis and to prevent diseases such as cancer. In actively proliferating cells, entry into S phase of the cell cycle and initiation of DNA replication is promoted by inactivation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase APC/C (anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome), though the critical S phase-promoting substrates have not been fully elucidated. The APC/C is also active in cells that have exited the cell cycle and entered an arrested state, but whether APC/C activity is essential to maintain arrest is unclear. We found that APC/C inactivation is sufficient to bypass cellular arrest induced by the CDK4/6 inhibitor Palbociclib. To identify potential APC/C substrates responsible for driving the escape from cell cycle arrest, we arrested cells using Palbociclib and then induced EMI1, inactivating the APC/C. Samples were collected at 0, 8, 16 and 20h after arrest and analyzed using proteomics. We found that inactivation of the APC/C promotes cell cycle re-entry by inducing RB phosphorylation and E2F-dependent gene transcription. Stabilization of both cyclin A and cyclin B contributes to arrest bypass, but only cyclin A accumulation is absolutely required. Direct expression of APC/C-resistant cyclin A, but not cyclin B, in arrested cells induces S phase entry analogous to APC/C inactivation. Cells bypassing arrest initiate DNA replication with severely reduced origin licensing, at least in part due to premature geminin accumulation. As a result, cells exhibit reduced rates of DNA synthesis, which leads to the accumulation of replication stress and long-term proliferation defects. Our findings suggest that CDK4/6 inhibition in cancers with reduced APC/C activity may be ineffective at promoting cytostatic cell cycle arrest but may nonetheless lead to elevated levels of replication stress that ultimately leads to a more durable cell cycle withdrawal.
2024-07-18 | PXD046783 | Pride
Project description:Previously (Ly et al. 2014), we analyzed protein abundance changes across a ‘minimally perturbed’ cell cycle in human cells (NB4), using centrifugal elutriation to differentially enrich distinct cell cycle phases. Here, we compare data from elutriated cells with NB4 cells arrested at comparable phases using serum starvation, hydroxyurea, or RO-3306. While elutriated and arrested cells have similar patterns of DNA content and cyclin expression, a large fraction of the proteome changes detected in arrested cells are found to reflect arrest-specific responses (i.e., starvation, DNA damage, CDK1 inhibition), rather than physiological cell cycle regulation. For example, we show most cells arrested in G2 by CDK1 inhibition express abnormally high levels of replication and origin licensing factors, and are likely poised for genome re-replication. The protein data are available in the Encyclopedia of Proteome Dynamics (http://www.peptracker.com/epd/), an online, searchable resource.
2017-03-31 | MSV000080841 | MassIVE
Project description:Previously (Ly et al. 2014), we analyzed protein abundance changes across a ‘minimally perturbed’ cell cycle in human cells (NB4), using centrifugal elutriation to differentially enrich distinct cell cycle phases. Here, we compare data from elutriated cells with NB4 cells arrested at comparable phases using serum starvation, hydroxyurea, or RO-3306. While elutriated and arrested cells have similar patterns of DNA content and cyclin expression, a large fraction of the proteome changes detected in arrested cells are found to reflect arrest-specific responses (i.e., starvation, DNA damage, CDK1 inhibition), rather than physiological cell cycle regulation. For example, we show most cells arrested in G2 by CDK1 inhibition express abnormally high levels of replication and origin licensing factors, and are likely poised for genome re-replication. The protein data are available in the Encyclopedia of Proteome Dynamics (http://www.peptracker.com/epd/), an online, searchable resource.
2015-07-23 | PXD001610 | Pride
Project description:Telogen (resting phase) hair follicles are more radioresistant than anagen (growth phase) ones. Irradiation of BALB/c mice in the anagen phase with γ-rays at 6 Gy induced hair follicle dystrophy, whereas irradiation in the telogen phase induced the arrest of hair follicle elongation without any dystrophy after post-irradiation depilation. In contrast, FGF18 was highly expressed in the telogen hair follicles to maintain the telogen phase and also the quiescence of hair follicle stem cells. Therefore, the inhibition of FGF receptor signaling at telogen induced the dystrophy after post-irradiation depilation. In addition, the administration of recombinant FGF18 suppressed cell proliferation in the hair follicles and enhanced the repair of radiation-induced DNA damage, so FGF18 protected the anagen hair follicles against radiation damage to enhance hair regeneration. Moreover, FGF18 reduced the expression of cyclin B1 and cdc2 in the skin and FGF18 signaling induced G2/M arrest in the keratinocyte cell line HaCaT, although no obvious change of the expression of DNA repair genes was detected by DNA microarray analysis. These findings suggest that FGF18 signaling for the hair cycle resting phase causes radioresistance in telogen hair follicles by arresting the proliferation of hair follicle cells.
2017-06-03 | GSE69501 | GEO
Project description:The kidney has large regenerative capacity that is impeded when injured renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) undergo SNAI1-driven partial epithelial mesenchymal transition (pEMT). Here we investigate the role of IL11 in TEC pEMT and kidney repair. Wild-type mice with acute kidney injury (AKI) upregulate IL11 in TECs triggering an ERK/P90RSK/GSK3β axis of SNAI1 expression leading to impaired renal function, which is abrogated in Il11 null mice. In mouse models of AKI, a neutralizing IL11 antibody promotes kidney regeneration, while attenuating pEMT, fibrosis and kidney dysfunction. In TECs, TGFβ1 induces autocrine IL11/ERK-dependent pEMT leading to paracrine, IL11-mediated fibroblast activation. Mice with TEC-specific deletion of Il11ra1 are protected from pEMT, inflammation, fibrosis and renal failure. In a mouse model of chronic kidney disease, administration of anti-IL11 reverses fibrosis, regenerates kidney parenchyma and restores renal function. Therapeutic inhibition of IL11 signaling appears permissive for promoting kidney regeneration and improving kidney function.
2022-11-17 | GSE199080 | GEO