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Induction of resistance to NTRK inhibitors via mevalonate pathway by HMGCS2

ABSTRACT: Paretal KM12 and NTRK inhibitor resistant cells established from KM12 in our laboratory was compared to search for and analyze significant factors related to resistance mechanism. To investigated the mechanism of resistance to NTRK-TKI, we establish resistant cells to three type NTRK-TKIs (Larotrectinib, Entrectinib and Selitrectinib) by step -wise methods using KM12 with TPM5-NTRK1 rearrangement for 6 months. (KM12-LR, KM12-ER and KM12-SR) 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2) over expression was observed commonly in three resistance cells. Lower expression of SREBP2 and PPARα in two cells (KM12-ER and KM12-SR) in which HMGCS2 was more overexpressed than parental KM12 and KM12-LR. In resistant cells, knockdown of HMGCS2 using small interfering RNA improved NTRK-TKIs sensitivity, but further treatment with mevalonolactone after knockdown HMGCS2 reintroduced NTRK-TKIs resistance. In addition, simvastatin and silibinin had synergic effect with NTRK-TKIs to resistant cells and delayed tolerance was observed after sustained exposure to clinical concentrations of NTRK-TKI and simvastatin against KM12. These results suggested that HMGCS2 overexpression induces resistance to NTRK-TKI via the mevalonate pathway. In addition, statin inhibited mevalonate pathway may be useful for overcoming this mechanism resistance.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE225681 | GEO | 2023/03/10

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Despite initial and often dramatic responses of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-addicted lung tumors to the EGFR-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), gefitinib and erlotinib, nearly all develop resistance and relapse. To explore novel mechanisms mediating acquired resistance, we employed non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines bearing activating mutations in EGFR and rendered them resistant to EGFR-specific TKIs through chronic adaptation in tissue culture. In addition to previously observed resistance mechanisms including EGFR-T790M 'gate-keeper' mutations and MET amplification, a subset of the seven chronically adapted NSCLC cell lines including HCC4006, HCC2279 and H1650 cells exhibited marked induction of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 2 and FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) mRNA and protein. Also, adaptation to EGFR-specific TKIs was accompanied by an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) as assessed by changes in CDH1, VIM, ZEB1 and ZEB2 expression and altered growth properties in Matrigel. In adapted cell lines exhibiting increased FGF2 and FGFR1 expression, measures of growth and signaling, but not EMT, were blocked by FGFR-specific TKIs, an FGF-ligand trap and FGFR1 silencing with RNAi. In parental HCC4006 cells, cell growth was strongly inhibited by gefitinib, although drug-resistant clones progress within 10 days. Combined treatment with gefitinib and AZD4547, an FGFR-specific TKI, prevented the outgrowth of drug-resistant clones. Thus, induction of FGF2 and FGFR1 following chronic adaptation to EGFR-specific TKIs provides a novel autocrine receptor tyrosine kinase-driven bypass pathway in a subset of lung cancer cell lines that are initially sensitive to EGFR-specific TKIs. The findings support FGFR-specific TKIs as potentially valuable additions to existing targeted therapeutic strategies with EGFR-specific TKIs to prevent or delay acquired resistance in EGFR-driven NSCLC. Examination of mRNA levels in DMSO and gefitinib-resistant cultures of HCC4006 and HCC827. Each group has two replicates.

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Induction of resistance to NTRK inhibitors via mevalonate pathway by HMGCS2

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