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Galectin-3 expression in donor T cells reduces GvHD severity and lethality after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation

ABSTRACT: Abundant donor cytotoxic T cells that attack normal host organs remain a major problem for patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (Allo-HCT). Despite an increase in our knowledge of the pathobiology of acute graft versus host disease (aGvHD), the mechanisms regulating the proliferation and function of donor T cells remain unclear. Here, we show that activated donor T cells express galectin-3 (Gal-3) after allo-HCT. In both major and minor histocompatibility–mismatched models of murine aGvHD, expression of Gal-3 is associated with decreased T cell activation and suppression of the secretion of effector cytokines including IFN-γ and GM-CSF. Mechanistically, Gal-3 results in activation of NFAT signaling which can induce T cell exhaustion. Gal-3 overexpression in human T cells prevents severe disease by suppressing cytotoxic T cells in xenogeneic aGvHD models. Together these data identify the Gal-3-dependent regulatory pathway in donor T cells as a critical component of inflammation in aGvHD.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE225756 | GEO | 2023/03/13

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Identification of interactors is a major attempt in cell biology. Not only protein-protein but also protein-carbohydrate interactions are of high relevance for signal transduction in biological systems. Here we aim to identify novel interacting binding partners for the β-galactoside-binding proteins Galectin-1 (Gal-1) and Galectin-3 (Gal-3) in context of the eye disease proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). PVR is one of the most common failures after retinal detachment surgeries and is characterized by the migration, adhesion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) and the subsequent formation of sub- and epiretinal fibrocellular membranes. Gal-1 and Gal-3 bind in a dose- and carbohydrate-dependent manner to mesenchymal RPE cells and inhibit cellular processes like attachment and spreading. Yet knowledge about glycan-dependent interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 on RPE cells is very limited, although this is a prerequisite to unravel the influence of galectins on distinct cellular processes in RPE cells. In this approach, we identified by galectin pull-down experiments and quantitative proteomic screening 131 Galectin-3 and 15 Galectin-1 interactors. They mainly play a role in multiple binding processes and are mostly membrane proteins. Here we focused on two novel identified interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the context of PVR: the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta PDGFRB. We observed crosslinking and lattice formation of exogenous Gal-1 and Gal-3 with LRP1/PDGFRB and ITGB1 on the cell surface of human RPE cells. Weaker binding of Gal-1 and Gal-3 on these interactors and no lattice formation on the cell surface was seen, when complex-type-N-glycosylation was inhibited by treatment of the cells with Kifunensine. In conclusion, the identified specific glycoprotein ligands for Gal-1 and Gal-3 give us new insights in the highly specific binding of galectins to dedifferentiated RPE cells and the resulting prevention of PVR-associated cellular events.

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Galectin-3 expression in donor T cells reduces GvHD severity and lethality after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation

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