Mll1 in T follicular helper cell differentiation
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE226341 | GEO | 2023/03/21
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:T follicular helper (Tfh) cells constitute an essential cell type in the induction of antibodies. We report that CD4 T cells lacking Foxo1 almost uniformly became CXCR5int Tfh cells following immunization. Moreover, a Foxo1 loss-of-function complemented an Icos mutation allowing the appearance of Tfh cells along with follicular, class-switched B cells and IgG isotype anti-DNA antibodies. Similarly, FOXO1 deficient Tfh differentiation displayed a substantially reduced dependence on ICOSL. Functional and molecular analyses show that FOXO1 regulates Tfh differentiation through a broad program of gene expression exemplified by positive regulation of Icos and negative regulation of Bcl6. These results demonstrate that a key step in Tfh differentiation is the ICOS-initiated activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway resulting in the inactivation of FOXO1. Performed ChIP-seq analysis to examine the role of foxo1 in the development of Tfh cells
2013-06-01 | E-GEOD-46525 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Follicular helper T (Tfh) are a subset of CD4+ T helper cells that provide help to germinal center B cells and mediate the development of long-lived humoral immunity. Tfh cells dysregulation is associated with several major autoimmune diseases. Although recent studies showed Tfh cells differentiation is controlled by the transcription factor Bcl6, cytokines and cell-cell signals, limited information is available on the proteome and post-translational modifications (PTM) of proteins in human Tfh cells. In this study, using TMT labeling technique, antibody-based affinity enrichment and high-resolution LC-MS/MS analysis, we investigated quantitative proteome and acetylome in human naive CD4+ T cells and in vitro induced Tfh (iTfh) cells. In total, we identified 802 up-regulated proteins and 598 down-regulated proteins at the threshold of 1.5 folds in iTfh cells compared to naive CD4+ T cells. With the aid of intensive bioinformatics, biological process, cellular compartment, molecular function, KEGG pathway and protein-protein interaction of these differentially expressed proteins were revealed. Moreover, our acetylome data showed that 22 lysine acetylated proteins are up-regulated and 26 lysine acetylated proteins are down-regulated in iTfh cells compared to the naive CD4+ T cells, among which 11 differentially acetylated lysine residues in core histone were identified, indicating proteins acetylation and epigenetic mechanism are involved in regulating Tfh cells differentiation. These data provide a significant resource for studies of Tfh differentiation and normal and perturbed Tfh cell function.
2021-03-19 | PXD008563 | Pride
Project description:T Follicular helper (Tfh) cell is an effector CD4+ T cell subset specialized in helping B cells in germinal centers (GC) reactions. Although Bcl6 was identified as a Tfh-specific transcription factor essential for their development, the molecular mechanisms underlying Bcl6 regulation and Tfh cell commitment remain unclear. Here, we report that Tox2 transcription factor is highly expressed in Tfh cells, regulated by Bcl6 and STAT3. Forced expression of Tox2 drives Bcl6 expression and Tfh development. Mechanistically, Tox2 directly binds to Tfh-associated genes, including Bcl6, and functions to promote their chromatin accessibility and modulate the activities of other Tfh-regulating factors. Conversely, genetic deletion of Tox2 results in defective Tfh differentiation, and inhibiting both Tox and Tox2 in T cells abolishes Tfh differentiation and GC response. Thus, our results demonstrate that Tox2 is a key transcription factor that regulates Bcl6 expression and Tfh development and suggest a Tox2-Bcl6 axis in feed-forward regulation of Tfh program.
2019-10-30 | GSE136539 | GEO
Project description:T Follicular helper (Tfh) cell is an effector CD4+ T cell subset specialized in helping B cells in germinal centers (GC) reactions. Although Bcl6 was identified as a Tfh-specific transcription factor essential for their development, the molecular mechanisms underlying Bcl6 regulation and Tfh cell commitment remain unclear. Here, we report that Tox2 transcription factor is highly expressed in Tfh cells, regulated by Bcl6 and STAT3. Forced expression of Tox2 drives Bcl6 expression and Tfh development. Mechanistically, Tox2 directly binds to Tfh-associated genes, including Bcl6, and functions to promote their chromatin accessibility and modulate the activities of other Tfh-regulating factors. Conversely, genetic deletion of Tox2 results in defective Tfh differentiation, and inhibiting both Tox and Tox2 in T cells abolishes Tfh differentiation and GC response. Thus, our results demonstrate that Tox2 is a key transcription factor that regulates Bcl6 expression and Tfh development and suggest a Tox2-Bcl6 axis in feed-forward regulation of Tfh program.
2019-10-30 | GSE136538 | GEO
Project description:T Follicular helper (Tfh) cell is an effector CD4+ T cell subset specialized in helping B cells in germinal centers (GC) reactions. Although Bcl6 was identified as a Tfh-specific transcription factor essential for their development, the molecular mechanisms underlying Bcl6 regulation and Tfh cell commitment remain unclear. Here, we report that Tox2 transcription factor is highly expressed in Tfh cells, regulated by Bcl6 and STAT3. Forced expression of Tox2 drives Bcl6 expression and Tfh development. Mechanistically, Tox2 directly binds to Tfh-associated genes, including Bcl6, and functions to promote their chromatin accessibility and modulate the activities of other Tfh-regulating factors. Conversely, genetic deletion of Tox2 results in defective Tfh differentiation, and inhibiting both Tox and Tox2 in T cells abolishes Tfh differentiation and GC response. Thus, our results demonstrate that Tox2 is a key transcription factor that regulates Bcl6 expression and Tfh development and suggest a Tox2-Bcl6 axis in feed-forward regulation of Tfh program.
2019-10-30 | GSE136537 | GEO
Project description:Tfh cells are required for T cell help to B cells, and BCL6 is the defining transcription factor of Tfh cells. However, the functions of Bcl6 in Tfh have largely remained unclear. Here we defined the BCL6 cistrome in primary human germinal center Tfh cells to assess mechanisms of BCL6 regulation of CD4 T cells, comparing and contrasting BCL6 function in T and B cells. BCL6 primarily acts as a repressor in Tfh cells, and BCL6 binding was associated with control of Tfh cell migration and repression of alternative cell fates. Interestingly, although some BCL6 bound genes possessed BCL6 DNA binding motifs, many BCL6-bound loci were instead characterized by the presence of DNA motifs for AP1 or STAT. AP1 complexes are key positive downstream mediators of TCR signaling and external stimuli. We show that BCL6 can directly bind AP1, and BCL6 depends on AP1 for recruitment to BCL6 binding sites with AP1 motifs, suggesting that BCL6 subverts AP1 activity. These findings reveal that BCL6 has broad and multifaceted effects on Tfh biology, and provide insight into how this master regulator mediates distinct cell-context dependent phenotypes. Sorted naM-CM-/ve tonsil cells were activated with anti-CD3+CD28 Ab coated beads and transduced with BCL6 or control lentiviral vectors as described. RNA was isolated at day 5 following LV infection and microarrays performed as discussed herein. RNA was isolated with the RNeasy Micro Kit (QIAGEN). The quantity and quality of the RNA were confirmed with a NanoDrop 2000c (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and an Experion Electrophoresis System (Bio-Rad). Samples (20 ng) were amplified with Illumina MessageAmp II aRNA Amplification Kits (Ambion), hybridized to HumanHT-12_V4 BeadChips (Illumina), and quantified with Genome Studio (Illumina). Normalized data (heatmap of blood cells) or raw data (heatmap of tonsil cells and Volcano plot) were analyzed with the GenePattern software suite.
2015-03-01 | E-GEOD-66373 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:B-lymphocyte differentiation is an exquisitely regulated homeostatic process resulting in continuous production of appropriately selected B cells. Relatively small changes in gene expression can result in deregulation of this process, leading acute lymphocytic leukemia, immune deficiency or autoimmunity. Translocation of Mll1 (Kmt2a) often results in a pro-B cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (B-ALL), but little is known about its role in normal B cell differentiation. Using a Rag1-cre knock-in to selectively delete Mll1 in developing lymphocytes, we show that B-cell, but not T-cell homeostasis depends on MLL1. Mll1-/- B progenitors fail to differentiate efficiently through the pro- to pre-B cell transition, resulting in a persistent reduction in B cell populations. Cells inefficiently transit the pre-B cell receptor (pre-BCR) checkpoint, despite normal to higher levels of pre-BCR components and rearranged IgH expression fails to rescue this differentiation block. Instead of IgH rearrangement defects, we find that Mll1-/- pre-B cells exhibit attenuated RAS/MAPK signaling downstream of the pre-BCR, resulting in reduced survival in physiologic levels of IL-7. Genome-wide expression data illustrate that MLL1 is connected to B-cell differentiation and IL-7-dependent survival through a complex transcriptional network. Overall, our data demonstrate that wild type MLL1 is a regulator of pre-BCR signaling and B-cell differentiation, and further suggest that targeting its function in B-ALL may be more broadly effective than previously anticipated.
2018-06-30 | GSE108093 | GEO
Project description:T follicular helper (Tfh) cells play a pivotal role in germinal center reactions, which requires Bcl6 transcription factor. To analyze their relationships with other effector T cell lineages and their stability in vivo, we developed and analyzed a new Bcl6 reporter mouse alone or together with other lineage reporter systems. Assisted with genome-wide transcriptome analysis, we show substantial plasticity of T cell differentiation in the early phase of immune response. At this stage, CXCR5 appears to be expressed in a Bcl6-independent manner. Once Bcl6 is highly expressed, Tfh cells can persist in vivo and some of them develop into memory cells. Together, our results indicate Bcl6 as a bona fide marker for Tfh polarized program. Three group of samples, with 2 biological replicates within each group and total of 6 samples were analyzed.
2012-09-17 | E-GEOD-40068 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Global analysis of H3K4 methylation defines MLL family member targets and points to a role for MLL1-mediated H3K4 methylation in the regulation of transcriptional initiation by RNA polymerase II A common landmark of activated genes is the presence of trimethylation on lysine 4 of histone H3 (H3K4) at promoter regions. The Set1/COMPASS was the founding member and the only H3K4 methylases in S. cerevisiae, however, in mammals at least six H3K4 methylases Set1A/B and MLL1-4 are found in COMPASS-like complexes capable of methylating H3K4. To gain further insight into the different roles and functional targets for the H3K4 methylases, we have undertaken a genome-wide analysis of H3K4 methylation pattern in wild-type Mll1+/+ and Mll1-/- mouse fibroblasts (MEFs). We found that Mll1 is required for the H3K4 trimethylation of less than 5% of promoters carrying this modification. Many of these genes, which include developmental regulators such as Hox genes show decreased levels of RNA polymerase II recruitment and expression concomitant with the loss of H3K4 methylation. Although Mll1 is only required for the methylation of a subset of Hox genes, Menin, a component of the Mll1 and Mll2 complexes, is required for the overwhelming majority of H3K4 methylation at Hox loci. However, the loss of MLL3/4 and/or the Set1 complexes have little to no effect on the Hox loci H3K4 methylation or expression levels in these MEFs. Together these data provide insight into redundancy and specialization of COMPASS-like complexes in mammals and provide evidence on a possible role for Mll1-mediated H3K4 methylation in the regulation of transcriptional initiation. Expression arrays were done with Mll1+/+ and Mll1-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Four replicates were done (dyes were swapped). DNA was hybridized to Agilent Mouse Whole Genome Expression Arrays (4x44k).
2009-10-20 | E-GEOD-18261 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The transcriptome analysis of WT and Tcf7/Lef1 double knockout (dKO) Treg subset CD4+ Foxp3+ T regulatory (Treg) cells are key players in preventing lethal autoimmunity and deleterious tissue inflammation. To fulfill these roles, Treg cells undergo activation and differentiate processes to acquire diverse functional properties. However, how Treg’s functional specifications are regulated during their differentiation remains poorly understood. Here we show that two TCF/LEF family transcription factors (TFs), TCF1 and LEF1 act redundantly as checkpoint regulators in peripheral Treg homeostatic differentiation and functional subset specification. We find that gradient expression of TCF1 and LEF1 distinguishes Treg cells into three distinct subsets. Sustained expression of TCF1/LEF1 retains Treg at their resting stage. Conversely, conditional knockout of TCF1 and LEF1 promotes the effector-like phenotype in bulk Treg cells, but surprisingly renders the mice susceptible to early onset of systemic autoimmunity. This uncoupling between Treg effector phenotype and their function in suppressing autoimmunity is attributed by two TCF1/LEF1-centered mechanisms. First, the ablation of TCF1 and LEF1 in Treg cells abolishes the generation of T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells, leading to unrestrained T follicular helper (Tfh) and germinal center B cell responses. Second, TCF1 and LEF1 are required for Treg survival under competitive conditions. Thus, TCF1 and LEF1 play critical roles in Treg homeostatic maintenance and Tfr generation.
2019-09-05 | GSE117726 | GEO