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Single genomic enhancers drive experience-dependent GABAergic plasticity to maintain sensory processing in the adult cortex (RNA-Seq II)

ABSTRACT: Experience-dependent plasticity of synapses modulates information processing in neural circuits and is essential for cognitive functions. Genomic enhancers are thought to modulate specific sets of synapses by regulating experience-induced transcription to thereby promote neural circuit plasticity. However, this idea remains untested. Thus, here we analyze the cellular and circuit functions of the genomic mechanisms that control the experience-induced transcription of Igf1 (Insulin-like growth factor 1) in disinhibitory VIP interneurons in the adult visual cortex. We find that two sensory-induced enhancers selectively and cooperatively drive sensory-induced Igf1 transcription and that these enhancers homeostatically control the ratio between excitation and inhibition (E/I-ratio) and neural activity in VIP interneurons to thereby restrict visual acuity. Thus, single experience-regulated enhancers are essential for maintaining sensory processing. Since cortical plasticity scales with neural activity in VIP interneurons, this also suggests that experience-induced transcription restricts plasticity in adult neural circuits to preserve the brain’s functional integrity.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE227342 | GEO | 2023/06/27

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Single genomic enhancers drive experience-dependent GABAergic plasticity to maintain sensory processing in the adult cortex (RNA-Seq)

Project description:Experience-dependent plasticity of synapses modulates information processing in neural circuits and is essential for cognitive functions. The genome, via non-coding enhancers, was proposed to control information processing and circuit plasticity by regulating experience-induced transcription of genes that modulate specific sets of synapses. To test this idea, we analyze here the cellular and circuit functions of the genomic mechanisms that control the experience-induced transcription of Igf1 (insulin-like growth factor 1) in vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) interneurons (INs) in the visual cortex of adult mice. We find that two sensory-induced enhancers selectively and cooperatively drive the activity-induced transcription of Igf1 to thereby promote GABAergic inputs onto VIP INs and to homeostatically control the ratio between excitation and inhibition (E/I ratio)—in turn, this restricts neural activity in VIP INs and principal excitatory neurons and maintains spatial frequency tuning. Thus, enhancer-mediated activity-induced transcription maintains sensory processing in the adult cortex via homeostatic modulation of E/I ratio.

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Single genomic enhancers drive experience-dependent GABAergic plasticity to maintain sensory processing in the adult cortex

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Mus musculus

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