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Transfer RNA pools in human cells are controlled by selective gene expression [tRNA-Seq]

ABSTRACT: Transfer RNAs are required for translating genetic information into protein sequence. The human genome contains hundreds of tRNA genes, many of which in multiple copies. How their expression is regulated to control functional tRNA levels is unknown. Here, we combined quantitative tRNA profiling and ChIP-Seq to measure tRNA expression upon differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) into neuronal and cardiac cells. We find that tRNA transcript pools vary substantially, while the abundance of tRNAs with distinct anticodons, which governs decoding rates, is more stable among cell types. Mechanistically, RNA Polymerase III (Pol III) samples a wide range of tRNA genes in hiPSC and becomes constrained to a housekeeping subset upon differentiation. This is mediated by diminished mTOR signaling, which activates the Pol III repressor MAF1. Our data rationalize how tRNA anticodon pools are buffered in different cellular contexts and reveal that mTOR activity drives selective tRNA expression.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE227927 | GEO | 2023/10/23

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Transfer RNA pools in human cells are controlled by selective gene expression [Ribo-seq]

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