Human Cortical Kidney Sections
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE228169 | GEO | 2024/03/31
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major health burden in the United States. Macrophages have been shown to mediate AKI in murine models. Murine kidneys contain multiple subpopulations of kidney resident macrophages (KRM) that are transcriptionally and spatially distinct. We hypothesized the human kidney contains orthologous KRM subpopulations, both transcriptionally and spatially. We utilized kidney sections from donors diagnosed with mild to moderate AKI in order to increase the translatability of murine research to clinical settings. We used spatial transcriptomics and single cell RNA sequencing to identify five distinct human KRM subpopulations. Using the AddModuleScore function in Seurat, we were able to compare the murine KRM transcriptional profiles from pre and post-AKI to the human KRM subpopulations. As a result, we identified four orthologous to known murine KRM subpopulations. The remaining population was identified in the kidney cortex and expresses a profile similar to activate microglia, the resident macrophage population in the brain. Again, we used AddModuleScore to determine a set of marker genes that will allow for the identification of KRM subsets across species and injury.
2024-03-01 | GSE226533 | GEO
Project description:Renal artery stenosis (RAS) caused by narrowing of arteries is characterized by microvascular damage. Macrophages are implicated in repair and injury, but the specific populations responsible for these divergent roles have not been identified. Here, we characterized murine kidney F4/80+CD64+ macrophages in three transcriptionally unique populations. Using fate-mapping and parabiosis studies, we demonstrate that CD11b/cint are long-lived kidney-resident (KRM) while CD11chiMf, CD11cloMf are monocyte-derived macrophages. In a murine model of RAS, KRM self-renewed, while CD11chiMf and CD11cloMf increased significantly, which was associated with loss of peritubular capillaries. Replacing the native KRM with monocyte-derived KRM using bone marrow transplantation followed by RAS, amplified loss of peritubular capillaries. To further elucidate the nature of interactions between KRM and peritubular endothelial cells, we performed RNA-sequencing on flow-sorted macrophages from Sham and RAS kidneys. KRM showed a prominent activation pattern in RAS with significant enrichment in reparative pathways, like angiogenesis and wound healing. In culture, KRM increased proliferation of renal peritubular endothelial cells implying direct pro-angiogenic properties. Human homologs of KRM identified as CD11bintCD11cintCD68+ increased in post-stenotic kidney biopsies from RAS patients compared to healthy human kidneys, and inversely correlated to kidney function. Thus, KRM may play protective roles in stenotic kidney injury through expansion and upregulation of pro-angiogenic pathways
2018-10-01 | GSE116094 | GEO
Project description:Background – Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a devastating clinical condition affecting at least two-thirds of critically ill patients and among these patients is associated with a greater than 60% risk of mortality. Kidney mononuclear phagocytes (MP) are necessary for pathogenesis and healing in mouse models of AKI and thus have been the subject of investigation as potential targets for clinical interventions. Methods and Results – We have determined that, after injury, F4/80Hi-expressing kidney resident macrophages (KRM) are a distinct cellular subpopulation that does not differentiate from non-resident infiltrating MP. However, if KRM are depleted using polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), they can be reconstituted from bone marrow derived precursors. Further, KRM lack major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) expression before post-parturition day 7 (P7) but upregulate it over the next 14 days. This MHCII- KRM phenotype reappears after injury. RNA sequencing shows injury causes transcriptional reprogramming of KRM to more closely resemble that found at P7. Post-injury KRM are also enriched in Wingless-type MMTV integration site family (Wnt) signaling, indicating a pathway vital for mouse and human kidney development is active. Conclusions – These data indicate that mechanisms involved in kidney development may be active after injury in KRM.
2019-04-16 | GSE121410 | GEO
Project description:The kidney contains a population of resident macrophages from birth that expands as it grows and forms a contiguous network throughout the tissue. Kidney resident macrophages (KRMs) are important in homeostasis and the response to acute kidney injury (AKI). While the kidney contains many microenvironments, it is unknown whether KRMs are a heterogeneous population differentiated by function and location. We combined single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq), spatial transcriptomics, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence imaging to localize, characterize, and validate KRM populations during quiescence and following 19 minutes of bilateral ischemic kidney injury. scRNAseq and spatial transcriptomics revealed seven distinct KRM subpopulations, which are organized into zones corresponding to regions of the nephron. Each subpopulation was identifiable by a unique transcriptomic signature suggesting distinct functions. Specific protein markers were identified for two clusters allowing analysis by flow cytometry or immunofluorescence imaging. Following injury, the original localization of each subpopulation is lost, either from changing locations or transcriptomic signatures. The original spatial distribution of KRMs is not fully restored for at least 28 days post-injury. The change in KRM localization confirms a long hypothesized dysregulation of the local immune system following acute injury and may explain the increased risk for chronic kidney disease.
2022-09-07 | GSE200115 | GEO
Project description:Kidney macrophages are comprised of both monocyte-derived and tissue resident populations; however, the heterogeneity of kidney macrophages and factors that regulate their heterogeneity are poorly understood. Herein, we performed single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq), fate mapping, and parabiosis to define the cellular heterogeneity of kidney macrophages in healthy mice. Our data indicate that healthy mouse kidneys contain four major subsets of monocytes and two major subsets of kidney resident macrophages (KRM) including a population with enriched Ccr2 expression, suggesting monocyte origin. Surprisingly, fate mapping data using the newly developed Ms4a3Cre Rosa Stopf/f TdT model indicate that less than 50% of Ccr2+ KRM are derived from Ly6chi monocytes. Instead, we find that Ccr2 expression in KRM reflects their spatial distribution as this cell population is almost exclusively found in the kidney cortex. We also identified Cx3cr1 as a gene that governs cortex specific accumulation of Ccr2+ KRM and show that loss of Ccr2+ KRM reduces the severity of cystic kidney disease in a mouse model where cysts are mainly localized to the kidney cortex. Collectively, our data indicate that Cx3cr1 regulates KRM heterogeneity and niche-specific disease progression.
2023-05-01 | GSE193892 | GEO
Project description:Human and Murine Kidneys Contain Transcriptionally and Spatially Orthologous Resident Macrophage Subpopulations in Acute Kidney Injury
| PRJNA940487 | ENA
Project description:Recent studies have demonstrated a strong association between acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), while the unresolved inflammation is believed to be a driving force for this chronic transition process. As a transmembrane pattern recognition receptor, Mincle (macrophage-inducible C-type lectin, Clec4e) was identified to participate in the early immune response after AKI. However, the impact of Mincle on the chronic transition of AKI remains largely unclear. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) with the unilateral ischemia-reperfusion (UIR) murine model of AKI at days 1, 3, 14 and 28 after injury. Potential effects and mechanism of Mincle on renal inflammation and fibrosis were further validated in vivo utilizing Mincle knockout mice. The dynamic expression of Mincle in macrophages and neutrophils throughout the transition from AKI to CKD was observed. For both cell types, Mincle expression was significantly up-regulated on day 1 following AKI, with a second rise observed on day 14. Notably, we identified distinct subclusters of Mincle-high neutrophils and Mincle-high macrophages that exhibited time-dependent influx with dual peaks characterized with remarkable pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic functions. Moreover, we identified that Mincle-high neutrophils represented an "aged" mature neutrophil subset derived from the "young" mature neutrophil cluster in kidney. Additionally, we observed a synergistic mechanism whereby Mincle-expressing macrophages and neutrophils sustained renal inflammation by augmenting tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production. Mincle-deficient mice exhibited reduced renal injury and fibrosis following AKI.
2024-05-23 | GSE267242 | GEO
Project description:Treatment for acute kidney injury (AKI) is suboptimal. A better understanding of its pathogenesis may lead to new therapeutic approaches. Kidney transcriptomics analyses of murine folic acid-induced AKI (FA-AKI) will allow us to identify new mediators and therapeutic targets of this pathology. Folic acid nephropathy is a classical model of AKI characterized by acute renal failure, tubular cell death, interstitial leukocyte infiltration and subsequent tubular regeneration that has been reported in humans.
2024-07-29 | GSE273063 | GEO
Project description:Single cell sequencing studies have characterized the transcriptomic signature of cell types within the kidney. However, the spatial distribution of acute kidney injury (AKI) is regional and affects cells heterogeneously. We first optimized coordination of spatial transcriptomics and single nuclear sequencing datasets, mapping 30 dominant cell types to a human nephrectomy. The predicted cell type spots corresponded with the underlying histopathology. To study the implications of AKI on transcript expression, we then characterized the spatial transcriptomic signature of two murine AKI models: ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) and cecal ligation puncture (CLP). Localized regions of reduced overall expression were associated with injury pathways. Using single cell sequencing, we deconvoluted the signature of each spatial transcriptomic spot, identifying patterns of colocalization between immune and epithelial cells. Neutrophils infiltrated the renal medulla in the ischemia model. Atf3 was identified as a chemotactic factor in S3 proximal tubules. In the CLP model, infiltrating macrophages dominated the outer cortical signature and Mdk was identified as a corresponding chemotactic factor. The regional distribution of these immune cells was validated with multiplexed CO-Detection by inDEXing (CODEX) immunofluorescence. Spatial transcriptomic sequencing complements single cell sequencing by uncovering mechanisms driving immune cell infiltration and detection of relevant cell subpopulations.
2021-06-01 | GSE171406 | GEO
Project description:Acute kidney injury (AKI) represents a common complication in critically ill patients that is associated with an increased morbidity and mortality. Currently, no effective treatment options are available. Here, we show that glutamine significantly attenuates leukocyte recruitment and inflammatory signaling in human and murine tubular epithelial cells (TECs). In a murine AKI model induced by ischemia-reperfusion-injury (IRI) we show that glutamine causes transcriptomic and proteomic reprogramming in renal TECs and neutrophils, resulting in decreased epithelial apoptosis, neutrophil recruitment and improved mitochondrial functionality and respiration provoked by an ameliorated oxidative phosphorylation. We identify the proteins glutamine gamma glutamyltransferase 2 (Tgm2) and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase (Ask1) as the major targets of glutamine in apoptotic signaling. Increased Tgm2 expression and reduced Ask1 activation result in decreased JNK activation leading to a diminished mitochondrial intrinsic apoptosis in kidneys upon IRI-induced AKI and under hypoxia or following TNFα-treatment of TECs. Consequently, glutamine administration attenuated kidney injury in vivo during AKI progression as well as TEC viability in vitro under inflammatory and hypoxic conditions.
2023-03-11 | PXD029723 | Pride