Rapid degradation of DHX36 revealing its transcriptional role by interacting with G-quadruplex
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE228815 | GEO | 2024/08/13
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Four-stranded G-quadruplex (G4) structures form guanine-rich tracts, but their role in RNA biology remains poorly defined. Herein, we first delineate the presence of endogenous RNA G4s in the human cellular transcriptome by proxy of their binding to interacting proteins, DHX36, GRSF1 and DDX3X. We then demonstrate that a sub-population of these RNA G4s are reliably detected as folded structures in cross-linked cellular lysates using the G4 structure-specific antibody BG4. The 5' UTRs of protein-coding mRNAs show significant enrichment in such folded RNA G4s, particularly within mRNA for ribosomal proteins. As G4s in ribosomal mRNA are evolutionarily conserved in higher vertebrates this points to a common mode for translational co-regulation mediated by RNA G4 structures. Supporting this we find that G4-stabilising small molecules inhibit the translation of ribosomal protein mRNA and significantly down-regulate cellular translation.
2021-11-10 | GSE154570 | GEO
Project description:RNA binding proteins can modulate RNA secondary structures, thus participating in post-transcriptional regulation. The DEAH-box helicase 36 (DHX36) has a remarkable ability to bind and unwind RNA G-quadruplex (rG4) and duplex. However, the transcriptome-wide RNA structure dynamic induced by DHX36 and how structure change subsequently influences RNA fate remain poorly understood. Here, we first identify the endogenous binding sites and specificity of DHX36 based on binding profiles. Next, we capture in vivo RNA structuromes to investigate the structure change of DHX36-bound mRNAs following DHX36 knockout. DHX36 induces structure remodeling on not only the localized binding sites but also the other sites across the entire mRNA especially in 3’UTR. DHX36-induced more accessible structures of 3’UTR are revealed to correlate with post-transcriptional mRNA decrease. Furthermore, we demonstrate that DHX36 binding sites are enriched for N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification and YTHDF1 binding. Finally, we experimentally validate that YTHDF1 binding is repelled to DHX36 loss-induced structure inaccessibility and YTHDF1 loss-induced mRNA stabilization could be a source of DHX36 loss-induced mRNA increase. Altogether, our findings uncover the effect of DHX36 binding on in vivo mRNA structure and propose a plausible mechanism of how RNA secondary structure change involves in post-transcriptional regulation through orchestrating YTHDF1 binding.
2024-10-03 | GSE237159 | GEO
Project description:RNA binding proteins can modulate RNA secondary structures, thus participating in post-transcriptional regulation. The DEAH-box helicase 36 (DHX36) has a remarkable ability to bind and unwind RNA G-quadruplex (rG4) and duplex. However, the transcriptome-wide RNA structure dynamic induced by DHX36 and how structure change subsequently influences RNA fate remain poorly understood. Here, we first identify the endogenous binding sites and specificity of DHX36 based on binding profiles. Next, we capture in vivo RNA structuromes to investigate the structure change of DHX36-bound mRNAs following DHX36 knockout. DHX36 induces structure remodeling on not only the localized binding sites but also the other sites across the entire mRNA especially in 3’UTR. DHX36-induced more accessible structures of 3’UTR are revealed to correlate with post-transcriptional mRNA decrease. Furthermore, we demonstrate that DHX36 binding sites are enriched for N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification and YTHDF1 binding. Finally, we experimentally validate that YTHDF1 binding is repelled to DHX36 loss-induced structure inaccessibility and YTHDF1 loss-induced mRNA stabilization could be a source of DHX36 loss-induced mRNA increase. Altogether, our findings uncover the effect of DHX36 binding on in vivo mRNA structure and propose a plausible mechanism of how RNA secondary structure change involves in post-transcriptional regulation through orchestrating YTHDF1 binding.
2024-10-03 | GSE237160 | GEO
Project description:RNA structure constitutes a new layer of gene regulatory mechanisms. RNA binding proteins can modulate RNA secondary structures, thus participating in post-transcriptional regulation. The DEAH-box helicase 36 (DHX36) is known to bind and unwind RNA G-quadruplex (rG4) structure but the transcriptome-wide RNA structure remodeling induced by DHX36 binding and the impact on RNA fate remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate the RNA structurome alteration induced by DHX36 depletion. Our findings reveal that DHX36 binding induces structure remodeling not only at the localized binding sites but also on the entire mRNA transcript most pronounced in3’UTR regions. DHX36 binding increase structural accessibility at 3’UTRs which is correlated with decreased post-transcriptional mRNA abundance. Further analyses and experiments uncover that DHX36 binding sites are enriched for N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification and YTHDF1 binding; and DHX36 induced structural change may facilitate YTHDF1 binding to m6A sites leading to RNA degradation. Altogether, our findings uncover the structural remodeling effect of DHX36 binding and its impact on RNA abundance through regulating m6A dependent YTHDF1 binding.
2024-10-03 | GSE264642 | GEO
Project description:Spermatogenesis is a highly complex developmental process that typically consists of mitosis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis. DNA/RNA helicase DHX36, a unique guanine-quadruplex (G4) resolvase, play crucial roles in a variety of biological processes. We previously showed that DHX36 is highly expressed in male germ cells with the highest level in zygotene spermatocytes. Here, we delete Dhx36 in advanced germ cells with Stra8-GFPCre, and found that a Dhx36 deficiency in the differentiated spermatogonia leads to meiotic defects and abnormal spermiogenesis. These defects in late stages of spermatogenesis arise from dysregulated transcription of G4-harboring genes, which are required for meiosis. Thus, this study reveals that Dhx36 play crucial roles in the late stages of spermatogenesis.
2022-11-24 | GSE218477 | GEO
Project description:DNA secondary structures are important for fundamental genome functions such as transcription and replication1. The G-quadruplex (G4) structural motif has been linked to gene regulation2,3 and genome instability4,5 and may be important to cancer development and other diseases6-8. Recently, ~700,000 discrete G4s have been observed in naked human single-stranded genomic DNA using G4-seq, a high-throughput sequencing technique that detects structural features in vitro.9 It is of vital importance to investigate G4 structures within an endogenous chromatin context, which until now remained elusive10,11. Herein, we address this via the development of G4 ChIP-seq, an antibody-based G4 chromatin immunoprecipitation and high-throughput sequencing approach. We identified ~10,000 endogenous G4 structures and show that G4s are predominantly seen in regulatory, nucleosome-depleted, chromatin regions. G4s were enriched in the promoters and 5âUTR regions of highly transcribed genes, particularly in genes related to cancer and in somatic copy number amplifications, such as MYC. Reorganization of the chromatin landscape using a histone deacetylase inhibitor, resulted in de novo G4 formation in new and more prominent regulatory, nucleosome-depleted regions associated with increased transcriptional output. Our findings suggest a striking relationship between promoter nucleosome-depleted regions, G4 formation and elevated transcriptional activity. Comparison between normal human epidermal keratinocytes and their immortalized counterparts revealed a ï¾7-fold greater G4 abundance in immortalized cells, of which 80 % were found in regulatory, nucleosome-depleted regions common to both cell types. Consequently, cells exhibiting more G4s displayed significantly increased transcriptional output and were more sensitive to growth inhibition by a small molecule G4 ligand. Overall, our results provide new mechanistic insights into where and when DNA adopts G4 structure in vivo. Our findings show for the first time that regulatory, nucleosome-depleted chromatin and transcriptional states predominantly shape the endogenous G4 DNA landscape. Two cell lines, treated with entinostat or untreated, analyzed to detect gene expression differences, presence of G-Qudruplexes and chromatin state. Each combination of conditions replicated in duplicates or triplicates.
2016-08-05 | E-GEOD-76688 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:G-quadruplex (or G4) structures are non-canonical DNA structures that form in guanine-rich sequences and threaten genome stability when not properly resolved. G4 unwinding occurs during S phase via an unknown mechanism. Using Xenopus egg extracts, we define a three-step G4 unwinding mechanism that acts during DNA replication. First, the replicative helicase (CMG) stalls at a leading strand G4 structure. Second, the DHX36 helicase mediates the bypass of the CMG past the intact G4 structure, which allows approach of the leading strand to the G4. Third, G4 structure unwinding by the FANCJ helicase enables the DNA polymerase to synthesize past the G4 motif. A G4 on the lagging strand template does not stall CMG, but still requires active DNA replication for unwinding. DHX36 and FANCJ have partially redundant roles, conferring robustness to this pathway. Our data reveal a novel genome maintenance pathway that promotes faithful G4 replication thereby avoiding genome instability.
2022-02-17 | PXD027623 | Pride
Project description:G-quadruplex structures (G4s) have been identified in genomes of multiple organisms and proven to play important epigenetic regulatory roles in various cellular functions. However, the G4 formation mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we found a negative correlation between DNA 5mC methylation and G4 abundance. The abundance of genomic G4s significantly increased when the whole-genome methylation level was reduced in DNMT1-knockout cells. This increase was then suppressed by DNMT1 over-expression. And more G4s were detected in the hypomethylated cancer cell line HepG2 and rectal cancer tissues. Besides, 5mC modification significantly inhibited G4 formation of the potential G-quadruplex sequences (PQSs). The transcription of genes with 5mC modification sites in their promoter PQSs was affected after treatment with G4 stabilizer pyridostatin or methylation inhibitor 5-aza-dC. The global reduction of genomic methylation elevates gene transcription levels through increased G4s. Taken together, DNA 5mC methylation prevents PQSs from folding into G4s in genomes.
2024-06-20 | GSE270034 | GEO
Project description:G-quadruplex structures (G4s) have been identified in genomes of multiple organisms and proven to play important epigenetic regulatory roles in various cellular functions. However, the G4 formation mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we found a negative correlation between DNA 5mC methylation and G4 abundance. The abundance of genomic G4s significantly increased when the whole-genome methylation level was reduced in DNMT1-knockout cells. This increase was then suppressed by DNMT1 over-expression. And more G4s were detected in the hypomethylated cancer cell line HepG2 and rectal cancer tissues. Besides, 5mC modification significantly inhibited G4 formation of the potential G-quadruplex sequences (PQSs). The transcription of genes with 5mC modification sites in their promoter PQSs was affected after treatment with G4 stabilizer pyridostatin or methylation inhibitor 5-aza-dC. The global reduction of genomic methylation elevates gene transcription levels through increased G4s. Taken together, DNA 5mC methylation prevents PQSs from folding into G4s in genomes.
2024-06-20 | GSE270033 | GEO
Project description:G-quadruplex structures (G4s) have been identified in genomes of multiple organisms and proven to play important epigenetic regulatory roles in various cellular functions. However, the G4 formation mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we found a negative correlation between DNA 5mC methylation and G4 abundance. The abundance of genomic G4s significantly increased when the whole-genome methylation level was reduced in DNMT1-knockout cells. This increase was then suppressed by DNMT1 over-expression. And more G4s were detected in the hypomethylated cancer cell line HepG2 and rectal cancer tissues. Besides, 5mC modification significantly inhibited G4 formation of the potential G-quadruplex sequences (PQSs). The transcription of genes with 5mC modification sites in their promoter PQSs was affected after treatment with G4 stabilizer pyridostatin or methylation inhibitor 5-aza-dC. The global reduction of genomic methylation elevates gene transcription levels through increased G4s. Taken together, DNA 5mC methylation prevents PQSs from folding into G4s in genomes.
2024-06-20 | GSE270035 | GEO