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Mechanism of RNAm6A methylation modification regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation for hand, foot and mouth disease progression

ABSTRACT: During the life cycle of Enterovirus 71 (EV71), N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification has an important impact on viral replication and the cellular response to viral infection, but the effect of m6A modification on cellular RNAs and pathways during infection is still unknown. The purpose of this research was to investigate the role of m6A in regulating host cell inflammatory response and disease progression during EV71 infection. Methylation RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) results show the m6A methylation modification map of control and EV71-infected groups of RD cells. And multilevel validation showed that decreased expression of demethylase FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated protein) was responsible for the elevated total m6A levels in EV71-infected RD cells and that TXNIP may be a target gene for demethylase FTO action. Further functional experiments showed that demethylase FTO silencing promoted TXNIP expression, activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and promoted the release of pro-inflammatory factors in vitro, and demethylase FTO overexpression showed the opposite result. Further tested in an animal model of severe EV71 infection, with results consistent with in vitro. In conclusion, our findings suggested that depletion of demethylase FTO in the presence of EV71 infection increased the m6A level of TXNIP mRNA 3ʹ UTR, increased mRNA stability, and promoted TXNIP expression, which activated the NLRP3 inflammasome and led to the release of pro-inflammatory factors, ultimately promoted HFMD progression. This could help with the development and prevention of m6A modification inhibitor-based drugs for viral-related inflammation and disease.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens Enterovirus A71

PROVIDER: GSE234534 | GEO | 2023/06/13

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a leading cause of irreversible vision loss in the working-age population, is an inflammatory, neuro-vascular complication of diabetes with poorly understood mechanism. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification plays crucial roles in biological and pathological events, while its role in DR remain elusive. Herein, we identified the pathological involvement of m6A demethylase FTO in DR. FTO expression was elevated in proliferative membranes of DR patients, endothelial cells (EC) under diabetic stress, and retinal vessels of diabetic murine models. FTO overexpression in EC promoted EC cycle progression and tip cell formation to facilitate angiogenesis in vitro, in mice and in zebrafish. FTO also regulated EC-pericyte crosstalk to trigger diabetes-induced microvascular leakage, and mediated EC-microglia crosstalk to induce retinal inflammation and subsequent neurodegeneration in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, FTO regulated EC features depending on its demethylation activity via modulating CDK2 mRNA stability with YTHDF2 as the reader. Moreover, FTO up-regulation in EC under diabetic conditions was driven by lactic acid mediated histone lactylation. FB23-2, which inhibits FTO’s m6A demethylase activity, suppressed diabetes associated endothelial phenotypes in vitro and in vivo. Noteworthy, we developed a novel macrophage membrane coated and PLGA-Dil based nanoplatform encapsulating FB23-2 for systemic administration, and confirmed its targeting and therapeutic efficacy in mice. Collectively, our study demonstrated an FTO-mediated regulatory network that coordinates EC biology and retinal homeostasis in DR, providing a promising nanotherapeutic approach for DR treatment. Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a leading cause of irreversible vision loss in the working-age population, is an inflammatory, neuro-vascular complication of diabetes with poorly understood mechanism. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification plays crucial roles in biological and pathological events, while its role in DR remain elusive. Herein, we identified the pathological involvement of m6A demethylase FTO in DR. FTO expression was elevated in proliferative membranes of DR patients, endothelial cells (EC) under diabetic stress, and retinal vessels of diabetic murine models. FTO overexpression in EC promoted EC cycle progression and tip cell formation to facilitate angiogenesis in vitro, in mice and in zebrafish. FTO also regulated EC-pericyte crosstalk to trigger diabetes-induced microvascular leakage, and mediated EC-microglia crosstalk to induce retinal inflammation and subsequent neurodegeneration in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, FTO regulated EC features depending on its demethylation activity via modulating CDK2 mRNA stability with YTHDF2 as the reader. Moreover, FTO up-regulation in EC under diabetic conditions was driven by lactic acid mediated histone lactylation. FB23-2, which inhibits FTO’s m6A demethylase activity, suppressed diabetes associated endothelial phenotypes in vitro and in vivo. Noteworthy, we developed a novel macrophage membrane coated and PLGA-Dil based nanoplatform encapsulating FB23-2 for systemic administration, and confirmed its targeting and therapeutic efficacy in mice. Collectively, our study demonstrated an FTO-mediated regulatory network that coordinates EC biology and retinal homeostasis in DR, providing a promising nanotherapeutic approach for DR treatment.