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Caspase-mediated processing of TRBP regulates apoptosis during viral infection

ABSTRACT: RNA silencing is a post-transcriptional gene-silencing mechanism mediated by microRNAs (miRNAs). However, the regulatory mechanism of RNA silencing during viral infection is unclear. TAR RNA-binding protein (TRBP) is an enhancer of RNA silencing that induces miRNA maturation by interacting with the ribonuclease Dicer. TRBP interacts with a virus sensor protein, laboratory of genetics and physiology 2 (LGP2), in the early stage of viral infection of human cells. Next, it induces apoptosis by inhibiting the maturation of miRNAs, thereby upregulating the expression of apoptosis regulatory genes. In this study, we show that TRBP undergoes a functional conversion in the late stage of viral infection. Viral infection resulted in the activation of caspases that proteolytically processed TRBP into two fragments. The N-terminal fragment did not interact with Dicer but interacted with type I interferon (IFN) signaling modulators, such as protein kinase R (PKR) and LGP2, and induced ER stress. The end results were irreversible apoptosis and suppression of IFN signaling. Our results demonstrate that the processing of TRBP enhances apoptosis, reducing IFN signaling during viral infection.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE234549 | GEO | 2024/04/19

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Caspase-mediated processing of TRBP regulates apoptosis during viral infection

Project description:RNA silencing is a post-transcriptional gene-silencing mechanism mediated by microRNAs (miRNAs). However, the regulatory mechanism of RNA silencing during viral infection is unclear. TAR RNA-binding protein (TRBP) is an enhancer of RNA silencing that induces miRNA maturation by interacting with the ribonuclease Dicer. TRBP interacts with a virus sensor protein, laboratory of genetics and physiology 2 (LGP2), in the early stage of viral infection of human cells. Next, it induces apoptosis by inhibiting the maturation of miRNAs, thereby upregulating the expression of apoptosis regulatory genes. In this study, we show that TRBP undergoes a functional conversion in the late stage of viral infection. Viral infection resulted in the activation of caspases that proteolytically processed TRBP into two fragments. The N-terminal fragment did not interact with Dicer but interacted with type I interferon (IFN) signaling modulators, such as protein kinase R (PKR) and LGP2, and induced ER stress. The end results were irreversible apoptosis and suppression of IFN signaling. Our results demonstrate that the processing of TRBP enhances apoptosis, reducing IFN signaling during viral infection.

2024-04-19 | GSE234547 | GEO

The RIG-I like receptor LGP2 inhibits Dicer-dependent processing of long double-stranded RNA and blocks RNA interference in mammalian cells.

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LGP2 virus sensor enhances apoptosis by upregulating apoptosis-regulatory genes through TRBP-bound miRNAs during viral infection

Project description:LGP2 virus sensor enhances apoptosis by upregulating apoptosis-regulatory genes through TRBP-bound miRNAs during viral infection

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Deletion of human tarbp2 reveals cellular microRNA targets and cell cycle function of TRBP

Project description:TRBP has two known functions as Dicer co-factor and PKR inhibitor. However, the role of TRBP in miRNA biogenesis is controversial and its regulation of PKR in mitosis remains unexplored. Here, we generate TRBP KO HeLa cells and find that TRBP depletion alters Dicer processing sites of a subset of miRNAs, but does not affect Dicer stability, miRNA abundance, or Argonaute loading. By generating PACT, another Dicer interactor, and TRBP/PACT double-KO cells, we further show that TRBP and PACT do not functionally compensate each other and that only TRBP contributes to Dicer processing. We also report that TRBP is hyperphosphorylated by JNK in M phase when PKR is activated by cellular dsRNAs. Hyperphosphorylation potentiates the inhibitory activity of TRBP on PKR, suppressing PKR in M-G1 transition. By generating the first human TRBP KO, our study clarifies the role of TRBP and unveils negative feedback regulation of PKR through TRBP phosphorylation.

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Deletion of human tarbp2 reveals cellular microRNA targets and cell cycle function of TRBP

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Human DICER helicase domain recruits PKR and dsRNA binding proteins during viral infection

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2021-04-15 | PXD019093 | Pride

LGP2 virus sensor enhances apoptosis by upregulating apoptosis-regulatory genes through TRBP-bound miRNAs during viral infection

Project description:To reveal the fuction of cytoplasmic virus sensor protein, LGP2, on RNA silencing, we analyzed gene expression profiles on HeLa WT and LGP2 knockout cells during SeV infection, which were generated with CRISPR/Cas system.

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The interaction of influenza A NS1 and cellular TRBP protein modulates the function of RNA interference machinery

Project description:Influenza A virus (IAV), one of the most prevalent respiratory diseases, causes pandemics around the world. The multifunctional non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of IAV is a viral antagonist that suppresses host antiviral response. However, the mechanism by which NS1 modulates the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway remains unclear. Here, we identified interactions between NS1 proteins of Influenza A/PR8/34 (H1N1; IAV-PR8) and Influenza A/WSN/1/33 (H1N1; IAV-WSN) and Dicer’s cofactor TAR-RNA binding protein (TRBP). We found that the N-terminal RNA binding domain (RBD) of NS1 and the first two domains of TRBP protein mediated this interaction. Furthermore, two amino acid residues (Arg at position 38 and Lys at position 41) in NS1 were essential for the interaction. We generated TRBP knockout cells and found that NS1 instead of NS1 mutants (two-point mutations within NS1, R38A/K41A) inhibited the process of microRNA (miRNA) maturation by binding with TRBP. PR8-infected cells showed masking of short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated RNAi, which was not observed after mutant virus-containing NS1 mutation (R38A/K41A, termed PR8/3841) infection. Moreover, abundant viral small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) were detected in vitro and in vivo upon PR8/3841 infection. We identify, for the first time, the interaction between NS1 and TRBP that affects host RNAi machinery.

2022-04-15 | GSE189776 | GEO

secondary structure based on icSHAPE of pre-let-7 and hDicer-TRBP bound pre-let-7

Project description:we resolved precusor let7 (pre-let-7) and human Dicer-TRBP complex bound precusor let7 (hDicer-TRBP-pre-let-7) secondary structure based on in vivo click selective 2'-hydroxyl acylation and profiling experiment (icSHAPE). We found the free pre-let-7 RNA is more flexible comparing with hDicer-TRBP-pre-7 in the double strand region [10-20nt and 50- 60 nt].

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The dynamic recruitment of TRBP to neuronal membranes mediates dendritogenesis during development

Project description:MicroRNAs are important regulators of local protein synthesis during neuronal development. We investigated the dynamic regulation of microRNA production and found that the majority of the microRNA-generating complex, consisting of Dicer, TRBP and PACT, specifically associates with intra-cellular membranes in developing neurons. Stimulation with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which promotes dendritogenesis, caused the re-distribution of TRBP from the endoplasmic reticulum into the cytoplasm, and its dissociation from Dicer, in a Ca2+-dependent manner. As a result, the processing of a subset of neuronal precursor microRNAs, among them the dendrite-enriched pre-miR16, was impaired. Decreased production of miR-16-5p, which targeted the BDNF mRNA itself, was rescued by expression of a membrane-targeted TRBP. Moreover, miR-16-5p or membrane-targeted TRBP expression blocked BDNF-induced dendritogenesis, demonstrating the importance of neuronal TRBP dynamics for activity-dependent neuronal development. We propose that neurons employ specialized mechanisms to modulate local gene expression in dendrites, via the dynamic regulation of microRNA biogenesis factors at intracellular membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum, which in turn is crucial for neuronal dendrite complexity and therefore neuronal circuit formation and function.

2017-11-27 | GSE106518 | GEO

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