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Microglial REV-ERBα regulates inflammation and lipid droplet formation to drive tauopathy

ABSTRACT: Alzheimer’s disease is associated with disrupted circadian rhythms and clock gene expression. REV-ERBα (Nr1d1) is a circadian transcriptional repressor involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism and macrophage function. While global REV-ERBα deletion increases microglial activation and mitigates amyloid plaque formation, the cell-autonomous effects of microglial REV-ERBα on tau pathology are unexplored. Here, we show that microglial REV-ERBα deletion enhances inflammatory signaling, disrupts lipid metabolic processes, and causes lipid droplet (LD) accumulation specifically in male microglia. Inflammation and LD accumulation combine to inhibit microglial tau phagocytosis, which can be partially rescued by blockage of lipid droplet formation. Microglial REV-ERBα deletion exacerbates tau aggregation and neuroinflammation in P301S and AAV-P301L tauopathy models in male, but not female mice. These data demonstrate the importance of microglial lipid droplets in tau accumulation and reveal REV-ERBα as a therapeutically accessible, sex-dependent regulator of microglial inflammatory signaling, lipid metabolism, and tauopathy.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE236875 | GEO | 2023/07/12

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Microglial REV-ERBα regulates inflammation and lipid droplet formation to drive tauopathy

Project description:Alzheimer’s disease is associated with disrupted circadian rhythms and clock gene expression. REV-ERBα (Nr1d1) is a circadian transcriptional repressor involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism and macrophage function. While global REV-ERBα deletion increases microglial activation and mitigates amyloid plaque formation, the cell-autonomous effects of microglial REV-ERBα deletion in healthy brain and in tauopathy are unexplored. Here, we show that microglial REV-ERBα deficient enhances inflammatory signaling, disrupts lipid metabolism, and causes lipid droplet (LD) accumulation specifically in male microglia. Inflammation and LD accumulation combine to inhibit microglial tau phagocytosis, which can be partially rescued by blockage of lipid droplet formation. Microglial REV-ERBα deletion exacerbates tau aggregation and neuroinflammation in P301S and AAV-P301L tauopathy models in male, but not female mice. These data demonstrate the importance of microglial lipid droplets in tau accumulation and reveal REV-ERBα as a therapeutically accessible, sex-dependent regulator of microglial inflammatory signaling, lipid metabolism, and tauopathy.

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Microglial REV-ERBα regulates inflammation and lipid droplet formation to drive tauopathy

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Project description:Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a strong genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with APOE4 increasing and APOE2 decreasing risk relative to APOE3. In the P301S mouse model of tauopathy, ApoE4 increases tau pathology and neurodegeneration when compared to ApoE3 or the absence of ApoE. However, the role of ApoE isoforms in regulating lipid metabolism in the setting of tauopathy is unknown. Here, by using targeted lipidomics coupled with histological analysis, we demonstrate that in P301S tau mice, ApoE4 strongly promotes glial lipid accumulation along with significant perturbations in cholesterol metabolism and lysosomal function. Increasing lipid efflux in glia via administration of the LXR agonist GW3965 reduces lipid droplet accumulation in primary E4 microglia in vitro and GW3965 or Abca1 overexpression strongly attenuates tau pathology, neurodegeneration, and synapse loss in P301S/ApoE4 mice. By immunostaining, bulk and snRNA sequencing, we demonstrate reductions in reactive astrocytes and microglia as well as significant changes in cholesterol biosynthesis and metabolism in glia of tauopathy mice in response to LXR activation. These data suggest that promoting efflux of glial lipids via Abca1 could serve as a therapeutic approach to ameliorate tau and ApoE4-linked neurodegeneration.

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Integral roles for Rev-erb alpha and Rev-erb beta in the circadian clock function [ChIP_seq]

Project description:The circadian clock acts at the genomic level to coordinate internal behavioral and physiologic rhythms via the CLOCK-BMAL transcriptional heterodimer. Although the nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and β have been proposed to contribute to clock function, their precise roles and importance remain unresolved. To establish their regulatory potential we generated comparative cistromes of both Rev-erb isoforms, which revealed shared recognition at over ~50% of their total sites and extensive overlap with the master clock regulator Bmal. While Rev-erbα has been shown to directly regulate Bmal expression, the cistromic analysis reveals a more profound connection between Bmal and Rev-erbα and β regulatory circuits than previously suspected. Genes within the intersection of the Bmal and Rev-erb cistromes are highly enriched for both clock and metabolic functions. As predicted by the cistromic analysis, dual depletion of Rev-erbα/β function by creating double-knockout mice (DKOs) profoundly disrupted circadian expression of core clock and lipid homeostatic genes. As a result, DKOs show strikingly altered circadian wheel-running behavior and deregulated lipid metabolism. These data reveal an integral role of Rev-erbα/β in clock function as well as provide a cistromic basis for the integration of circadian rhythm and metabolism. Identification of Reverb alpha and Reverb beta binding sites in mouse liver at ZT8

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Project description:APOE is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. ApoE exacerbates tau-associated neurodegeneration by driving microglial activation. However, how apoE regulates microglial activation and whether targeting apoE is therapeutically beneficial in tauopathy is unclear. Here we show that overexpressing a low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) transgene in P301S tau transgenic mice markedly reduces brain apoE and ameliorates tau pathology and neurodegeneration. ApoE specifically interacts with a high-molecular-weight tau species, and highly correlates with phospho-tau and insoluble tau levels. Microglial expression of the LDLR transgene reduces intracellular apoE and is associated with less microglial activation. snRNA-seq analysis of apoE-deficient or LDLR-overexpressing brains reveals that apoE deficiency drives microglial catabolism and increases the oligodendrocyte progenitor cell population. LDLR overexpression shares overlapping mechanisms, but uniquely upregulates microglial expression of specific ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors in tauopathy. A subset of disease-associated astrocytes with both neuroprotective and neurotoxic gene signatures is also identified.

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