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Uptake of an aluminum-containing food color in human cells and its implications for human health

ABSTRACT: Food colors contain Aluminium (Al) to change the color’s solubility in water, but these Al containing versions of the food colors have never been investigated towards their pathophysiological effects in humans, but are assumed to behave like the Al-free version. We compared the food color carminic acid (CA) with its Al-containing version carmine (Car, both used as E 120) and could see a clear difference between gene expression profiles of Caco-2 cells exposed to Car, CA or control. Genes which were only dysregulated through Car treatment, but not with CA treatment, lead to a significant suppression of oxidative phosphorylation, which is known to be impaired in neurodegenerative diseases.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE239906 | GEO | 2023/08/07

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Phosphorus-mediated alleviation of aluminum toxicity revealed by iTRAQ technique in Citrus grandis roots

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Project description:Background: Limited data are available on aluminum (Al)-toxicity-induced alterations of gene profiles in woody plants. Seedlings of Al-tolerant Citrus sinensis and Al-intolerant Citrus grandis were fertigated with nutrient solution containing 0 and 1.0 mM AlCl3•6H2O. Thereafter, we investigated the Al-toxicity-induced alterations of transcriptomics in leaves by RNA-Seq. Results: Using RNA-seq, we isolated 1162 (181) up- and 496 (234) downregulated genes from Al-treated C. grandis (C. sinensis) leaves. Clearly, gene expression was less affected by Al-toxicity in C. sinensis leaves than in C. grandis ones. Several Al-toxicity-responsive genes homologous to known Al-tolerance genes: ALUMINUM SENSITIVE 3 (ALS3), multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), L-galactose dehydrogenase（L-GalDH) and lipoxygenase (LOX) were identified in citrus leaves. Genes related to signal transduction, and sulfur transport and metabolism might also play a role in the higher Al-tolerance of C. sinensis. Conclusions: This is the first comparative investigation of transcriptomic responses in Al-treated citrus leaves. There were common and unique mechanisms for citrus Al-tolerance. These results provide a platform for further investigating the roles of genes possibly responsible for citrus Al-tolerance.

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mRNA profiling of NMuMG mouse mammary epithelial cells transformed in vitro by long-term incubation in the presence of aluminium chloride vs controls incubated in parallel in the presence of the same dilution of solvent (H2O) alone. Referred to as \\"NMuMG series I\\" in the citing manuscript (Mandriota et al., submitted).

Project description:Salts of aluminium, a chemical element devoid of biological function, are added to many industrial products of frequent use because of aluminium's chemical versatility. As a result of lifetime exposure, aluminium accumulates in several organs including the mammary gland. At concentrations in the range of those measured in the breast of women living in industrialised countries, aluminium chloride transforms human and mouse mammary epithelial cells in vitro. These results challenge the safety commonly ascribed to aluminium and suggest that it could be a human carcinogen. NMuMG is a spontaneously immortalised, non tumorigenic mouse mammary epithelial cell line originally derived from NAMRU mice that, following chronic culture in the presence of aluminium - in the form of AlCl3 x 6H2O - becomes able to form tumors and metastasis in NOD-scid and nude mice. As a part of our investigations on the mechanisms by which aluminium might transform mammary epithelial cells, we analysed the mRNA profile of NMuMG cells transformed in vitro by aluminium or the corresponding untreated controls cultured in parallel by cDNA microarray. We used the Clariom S microarray from Thermofisher, that covers more than 20'000 well annotated mRNAs. The cell culture experiment analyzed in this microarray is referred to as \\"NMuMG series I\\" in the citing manuscript (Mandriota et al., submitted).

2020-11-30 | E-MTAB-9733 | biostudies-arrayexpress

mRNA profiling of NMuMG mouse mammary epithelial cells transformed in vitro by long-term incubation in the presence of aluminium chloride vs controls incubated in parallel in the presence of the same dilution of solvent (H2O) alone. Referred to as \"NMuMG series III\" in the citing manuscript (Mandriota et al., submitted).

Project description:Salts of aluminium, a chemical element devoid of biological function, are added to many industrial products of frequent use because of aluminium's chemical versatility. As a result of lifetime exposure, aluminium accumulates in several organs including the mammary gland. At concentrations in the range of those measured in the breast of women living in industrialised countries, aluminium chloride transforms human and mouse mammary epithelial cells in vitro. These results challenge the safety commonly ascribed to aluminium and suggest that it could be a human carcinogen. NMuMG is a spontaneously immortalised, non tumorigenic mouse mammary epithelial cell line originally derived from NAMRU mice that, following chronic culture in the presence of aluminium - in the form of AlCl3 x 6H2O - becomes transformed in vitro. In this specific experiment - referred to as NMuMG series III in the citing manuscript (Mandriota et al., submitted) - transformation was assessed in vitro, by the soft agar assay. As a part of our investigations on the mechanisms by which aluminium might transform mammary epithelial cells, we analysed the mRNA profile of NMuMG cells transformed in vitro by aluminium or the corresponding untreated controls cultured in parallel by cDNA microarray. We used the Clariom S microarray from Thermofisher, that covers more than 20'000 well annotated mRNAs.

2020-11-30 | E-MTAB-9735 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Root adaptive responses to aluminum-toxicity revealed by RNA-Seq in two citrus species with contrasting aluminum tolerance

Project description:Background: Limited data are available on aluminum (Al)-toxicity-induced alterations of gene profiles in woody plants. Seedlings of Al-tolerant Citrus sinensis and Al-intolerant Citrus grandis were fertigated with nutrient solution containing 0 and 1.0 mM AlCl3â?¢6H2O. Thereafter, we investigated the Al-toxicity-induced alterations of transcriptomics in roots by RNA-Seq. Results: Using RNA-seq, we isolated 1293 (990) up- and 1377 (915) downregulated genes from Al-treated C. grandis (C. sinensis) roots. Clearly, gene expression was less affected by Al-toxicity in C. sinensis roots than in C. grandis ones. Several Al-toxicity-responsive genes homologous to known Al-tolerance genes: Al-activated malate transporter, multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE), IRON REGULATED/ferroportin 1, sensitive to proton rhizotoxicity 1 and monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase were identified in citrus roots. However, Al-induced upregulation of all these genes was stronger in C. grandis roots than in C. sinensis ones except for MATEs. Genes related to signal transduction, and sulfur transport and metabolism might also play a role in the higher Al-tolerance of C. sinensis. Conclusions: This is the first comparative investigation of transcriptomic responses in Al-treated citrus roots. There were common and unique mechanisms for citrus Al-tolerance. These results provide a platform for further investigating the roles of genes possibly responsible for citrus Al-tolerance. Examination of mRNA levels in control and Al-treatment roots of C. grandis and C. sinensis with two biological replicates were generated by deep sequencing, using Illumina HiSeq 2000 device.

2016-08-24 | E-GEOD-85958 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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