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Sptaial transcriptomics of high intraocular pressure and WT rats.

ABSTRACT: Previous studies indicated that activation of glial cells and inflammatory responses are triggering factors of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. In particular, neurotoxic reactive astrocytes have been found to play a significant role in retinal ganglion cell damage. Furthermore, research showed that activation of glial cells is not dependent on retinal ganglion cell injury, but rather a direct response to pathological elevation of intraocular pressure. However, the molecular mechanism by which elevated intraocular pressure triggers glial activation through mechanical forces remains unknown. By spatial transcriptome sequencing, our study revealed that the neurotoxic astrocyte would rapidly be reactivated in the optic nerve head under elevated intraocular pressure in vivo.

ORGANISM(S): Rattus norvegicus

PROVIDER: GSE241192 | GEO | 2024/08/31

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Expression data from mouse optic nerve head after elevation in intraocular pressure

Project description:Reactive astrocytes are typically studied in models that cause irreversible mechanical damage to axons, neuronal cell bodies, and glia. We evaluated the response of astrocytes in the optic nerve head to a subtle injury induced by a brief, mild elevation of the intraocular pressure. Astrocytes demonstrated reactive remodeling showing hypertrophy, process retraction and simplification of their shape. We used microarray to indentify differentially expressed genes and to investigate the molecular mechanisms of astrogliosis in response to this subtle injury. Six- to eight-week old C57Bl/6 male mice were used in this experiment. One eye underwent an elevation in intraocular pressure to 30 mmHg for 1 hour and then allowed to recover for 3 days. The contralateral eye served as a control. Due to the small tissue size of the mouse optic nerve head, two optic nerve heads were pooled together for each microarray chip. We used 10 mice to generate five biological replicates for each condition.

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Astrocytes of the optic nerve exhibit a region-specific and temporally distinct response to elevated intraocular pressure

Project description:The optic nerve is an important tissue in glaucoma and the unmyelinated nerve head region remains an important site of many early neurodegenerative changes. In humans and mice, astrocytes constitute the major glial cell type in the region, and in glaucoma they become reactive, influencing the optic nerve head (ONH) microenvironment and disease outcome. To determine the response of ONH astrocytes in glaucoma, we studied their transcriptional response to an elevation in intraocular pressure (IOP) induced by the microbead occlusion model. We also assessed the response of astrocytes in the more distal myelinated optic nerve proper (ONP). In this experimental model, astrocytes of the optic nerve exhibited a region-specific and temporally distinct response: ONH astrocytes showed very few early transcriptional changes and ONP astrocytes demonstrated substantially larger changes over the course of the experiment.

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Expression data from mouse optic nerve head after elevation in intraocular pressure

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Transcriptomic profiles of retinal ganglion cells are defined by the magnitude of intraocular pressure elevation in adult mice

Project description:Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is the major risk factor for glaucoma, a sight threatening disease of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons. Despite the central importance of IOP, details of the impact of IOP elevation on RGC gene expression remain elusive. We developed a novel 4-step immunopanning protocol to extract adult mouse RGCs with high fidelity and used it to isolate RGCs from wild type mice exposed to 2 weeks of IOP elevation generated by the microbead model. IOP was elevated to 2 distinct levels which were defined as Mild (IOP increase >1mmHg and <4mmHg) and Moderate (IOP increase > 4mmHg). RNA sequencing was used to compare the transcriptional environment at each IOP level. Differentially expressed genes were markedly different between the 2 groups, and pathway analysis revealed frequently opposed responses between the IOP levels. These results suggest that the magnitude of IOP elevation has a critical impact on RGC transcriptional changes. Furthermore, it is possible that an IOP-based set point exists within RGCs to impact the direction of transcriptional change. It is possible that this improved understanding of changes in RGC gene expression can ultimately lead to novel diagnostics and therapeutics for glaucoma.

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Astrocytes of the optic nerve exhibit a region-specific and temporally distinct response to elevated intraocular pressure

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Retinal ganglion cell survival after severe optic nerve injury is modulated by crosstalk between JAK/STAT signaling and innate immune responses in the zebrafish retina

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