Uncoupling Histone Modification Crosstalk by Engineering Lysine Demethylase LSD1
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE243231 | GEO | 2024/05/08
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:Biochemical crosstalk between two or more histone modifications is often observed in epigenetic enzyme regulation but its functional significance in cells has been difficult to discern. Prior enzymatic studies have revealed that Lys14 acetylation of histone H3 can inhibit Lys4 demethylation by lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1). Here we have engineered a mutant form of LSD1, Y391K, which renders the nucleosome demethylase activity of LSD1 insensitive to Lys14 acetylation. Y391K LSD1 knockin cells show increased repression of a set of genes associated with cellular adhesion. Chromatin profiling revealed that the cis-regulatory regions of these silenced genes display a higher level of H3 Lys14 acetylation than the baseline in unedited, parental cells. Y391K LSD1 knockin cells show diminished H3 mono-methyl Lys4 in the vicinity of these silenced genes, consistent with a role for enhanced LSD1 demethylase activity in these regions. These findings illuminate the functional consequences of disconnecting histone modification crosstalk for a key epigenetic enzyme in gene and chromatin regulation.
2024-05-08 | GSE243427 | GEO
Project description:Lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), which demethylates mono- and di- methylated histone H3-Lys4 as part of a complex including CoREST and histone deacetylases (HDAC), is essential for embryonic development in the mouse beyond e6.5 days. Here, we demonstrate that LSD1 expression and therefore function, is restricted to the epiblast of the post- implantation embryo. Conditional deletion of LSD1 in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, in vitro counterpart of the epiblast, revealed a reduction in CoREST protein, a subsequent decrease in associated HDAC activity and a global increase in Histone H3 Lys56 acetylation. Despite this biochemical perturbation, LSD1 deleted ES cells proliferate normally and retain stem cell characteristics. Loss of LSD1 causes the aberrant expression of 588 genes, including a number of transcription factors with roles in tissue development such as brachyury, Hoxb7, Hoxd8 and RARγ. Brachyury, a key-regulator of mesodermal differentiation, is a direct target gene of LSD1 and is over-expressed in e6.5 day Lsd1 genetrap embryos. Thus, LSD1 is required for the appropriate expression of key developmental regulators, via the stabilization of the LSD1/CoREST/HDAC complex, during early embryonic development. RNA samples from Lsd1Lox/Δ3 and Lsd1Δ3/Δ3 cells were compared, three biological replicates were performed.
2010-12-06 | E-GEOD-21131 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Low level of H3 Lys4 tri-methylation is a signature feature of silenced chromatin regions. We used microarray to analyze the contribution of S. cerevisiae H3 Lys4 demethylase Jhd2p in silenced chromatin formation process.
2015-12-31 | GSE33077 | GEO
Project description:Low level of H3 Lys4 tri-methylation is a signature feature of silenced chromatin regions. We used microarray to analyze the contribution of S. cerevisiae H3 Lys4 demethylase Jhd2p in silenced chromatin formation process. Total RNA from two JHD2 gene altered strains : jhd2 deletion and JHD2 over-expression, together with a set1 deletion strain (Set1p: H3 Lys4 methlase) were analyzed with Affymetrix Yeast 2.0 array. We sought to dissect Jhd2p functions into H3 Lys4 methylation related and unrelated parts by comparing microarry results of JHD2 and SET1 gene altered strains.
2015-12-31 | E-GEOD-33077 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), which demethylates mono- and di- methylated histone H3-Lys4 as part of a complex including CoREST and histone deacetylases (HDAC), is essential for embryonic development in the mouse beyond e6.5 days. Here, we demonstrate that LSD1 expression and therefore function, is restricted to the epiblast of the post- implantation embryo. Conditional deletion of LSD1 in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, in vitro counterpart of the epiblast, revealed a reduction in CoREST protein, a subsequent decrease in associated HDAC activity and a global increase in Histone H3 Lys56 acetylation. Despite this biochemical perturbation, LSD1 deleted ES cells proliferate normally and retain stem cell characteristics. Loss of LSD1 causes the aberrant expression of 588 genes, including a number of transcription factors with roles in tissue development such as brachyury, Hoxb7, Hoxd8 and RARγ. Brachyury, a key-regulator of mesodermal differentiation, is a direct target gene of LSD1 and is over-expressed in e6.5 day Lsd1 genetrap embryos. Thus, LSD1 is required for the appropriate expression of key developmental regulators, via the stabilization of the LSD1/CoREST/HDAC complex, during early embryonic development.
2010-12-06 | GSE21131 | GEO
Project description:Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is an epigenetic enzyme that oxidatively cleaves methyl groups from monomethyl and dimethyl Lys4 of histone H3 (H3K4Me1, H3K4Me2) and can contribute to gene silencing. This study describes the design and synthesis of analogs of a monoamine oxidase antidepressant, phenelzine, and their LSD1 inhibitory properties. A novel phenelzine analog (bizine) containing a phenyl-butyrylamide appendage was shown to be a potent LSD1 inhibitor in vitro and was selective versus monoamine oxidases A/B and the LSD1 homolog, LSD2. LSD1 inhibitor bizine was found to be effective at modulating bulk histone methylation in cancer cells, and ChIP-seq experiments revealed a statistically significant overlap in the H3K4 methylation pattern of genes affected by bizine and those altered in LSD1-/- cells. Treatment of two cancer cell lines, LNCaP and H460 with bizine conferred a reduction in proliferation rate, and bizine showed additive to synergistic effects on cell growth when used in combination with two out of five HDAC inhibitors tested. Moreover, neurons exposed to oxidative stress were protected by the presence of bizine, suggesting potential applications in neurodegenerative disease.
2014-11-07 | GSE55089 | GEO
Project description:Heterochromatin is a specialized form of chromatin that restricts access to DNA and inhibits genetic processes, including transcription and recombination. In Neurospora crassa, constitutive heterochromatin is characterized by trimethylation of lysine 9 on histone H3, hypoacetylation of histones, and DNA methylation. Here we explore whether the conserved histone demethylase, lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), regulates heterochromatin in Neurospora, and if so, how. Though LSD1 is implicated in heterochromatin regulation, its function is inconsistent across different systems; orthologs of LSD1 have been shown to either promote or antagonize heterochromatin expansion by removing H3K4me or H3K9me respectively. We identify three members of the Neurospora LSD complex (LSDC): LSD1, PHF1, and BDP-1, and strains deficient for any exhibit variable spreading of heterochromatin and establishment of new heterochromatin domains dispersed across the genome. Heterochromatin establishment outside of canonical domains in Neurospora share the unusual characteristic of DNA methylation-dependent H3K9me3; typically, H3K9me3 establishment is independent of DNA methylation. Consistent with this, the hyper-H3K9me3 phenotype of LSD1 knock-out strains is dependent on the presence of DNA methylation, as well as HCHC-mediated histone deacetylation, suggesting spreading is dependent on some feedback mechanism. Altogether, our results suggest LSD1 works in opposition to HCHC to maintain proper heterochromatin boundaries.
2021-07-21 | PXD017300 | Pride
Project description:Abnormal activities of histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) and lysine deacetylases (HDACs) are associated with aberrant gene expression in breast cancer development. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between KDMs and HDACs in chromatin remodeling and regulation of gene transcription are still elusive. In this study, we showed that treatment of human breast cancer cells with inhibitors targeting the zinc cofactor dependent class I/II HDACs, but not NAD+ dependent class III HDACs, led to significant increase of H3K4me2 which is a specific substrate of histone lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) and a key chromatin mark promoting transcriptional activation. We also demonstrated that inhibition of LSD1 activity by a pharmacological inhibitor, pargyline, or siRNA resulted in increased acetylation of H3K9 (AcH3K9). However, siRNA knockdown of LSD2, a homolog of LSD1, failed to alter the level of AcH3K9, suggesting that LSD2 activity may not be functionally connected with HDAC activity. Combined treatment with LSD1 and HDAC inhibitors resulted in enhanced levels of H3K4me2 and AcH3K9, and exhibited synergistic growth inhibition of breast cancer cells. Finally, microarray screening identified a unique subset of genes whose expression was significantly changed by combination treatment with inhibitors of LSD1 and HDAC. Our study suggests that LSD1 intimately interacts with histone deacetylases in human breast cancer cells. Inhibition of histone demethylation and deacetylation exhibits cooperation and synergy in regulating gene expression and growth inhibition, and may represent a promising and novel approach for epigenetic therapy of breast cancer. Twelve samples were subject to microarray anaylsis: 3 biological replicates were treated for 24h with 1)DMSO, 2) 5uM SAHA (suberanilohydroxamic acid), 3) 2.5mM Pargyline or 4) 5uM SAHA + 2.5mM Pargyline.
2015-09-04 | E-GEOD-72688 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Epigenetic deregulation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. But changes in histone modification patterns at the epigenome level still remain largely unknown. Here, we analyzed alterations of histone H3 acetylation patterns in a large number of patients with AML compared to CD34+ progenitor cells. Using ChIP-Chip assays, we demonstrate that AML blasts exhibit significant changes in Histone H3 acetylation levels at more than 1000 genomic loci. Importantly, at core promoter regions losses of H3 acetlyation levels prevailed which suggested that a large number of genes is epigenetically silenced in AML. The validation of identified genes led to the discovery of Peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDX2) as a potential tumor suppressor gene in AML. Peroxiredoxin-2 (PRDX2) was silenced in most AML patients by decreased Histone H3 acetylation and in almost 20% by promoter DNA hypermethylation. Low protein expression of the antioxidant PRDX2 gene was clinically associated with a poor prognosis in AML patients. Functionally, PRDX2 acted as an inhibitor of myeloid cell growth by reducing levels of reactive oxygen species generated in response to cytokines. A high level of PRDX2 expression inhibited myc-induced murine leukemogenesis whereas loss of PRDX2 increased myeloid cell proliferation and accelerated myc-induced leukemogenesis. Taken together, we identify widespread loss of Histone H3 acetylation at core promoter regions as a signature of AML blasts. Epigenome wide analyses of histone H3 acetylation led to the identification of PRDX2 as an epigenetically silenced growth suppressor that contributed to the malignant phenotype in AML. Blasts from patients with AML (n=72) were obtained at the time of diagnosis (in a few cases at first relapse). CD34+ progenitor cells (n=17) and white blood cells (n=16) were used as control samples. Immunoprecipitations were performed for anti-acetylated Histone H3. Chromatin-IPs were amplified using ligation mediated PCR and labeled using Cy3 coupled to incorporated amino-allyl-UTP. Common reference DNA consisting of a mixture of genomic DNA from AML patients was prepared, amplified and labeled in a similar way with Cy5.
2011-12-16 | E-GEOD-27863 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:LSD1 (also known as KDM1A) is a histone demethylase and a key regulator of gene expression in embryonic stem cells and cancer.1,2 LSD1 was initially identified as a transcriptional repressor via its demethylation of active histone H3 marks (di-methyl lysine 4 [2MK4]).1 In prostate cancer, specifically, LSD1 also co-localizes with the AR and demethylates repressive 2MK9 histone marks from androgen-responsive AR target genes, facilitating androgen-mediated induction of AR-regulated gene expression and androgen-induced proliferation in androgen-dependent cancers. We report here that the LSD1 protein is universally upregulated in human CRPC and promotes survival of CRPC cell lines. This effect is explained in part by LSD1-induced activation of cell cycle and embryonic stem cell gene setsâgene sets enriched in transcriptomal studies of lethal human tumors. Importantly, despite the fact that many of these genes are direct LSD1 targets, we did not observe histone methylation changes at the LSD1-bound regions, demonstrating non-canonical histone demethylation-independent mechanisms of gene regulation. This ChIP-seq dataset included H3K4me2 and H3K9me2 ChIP-seq data for siRNA target against LSD1 and non-targeting control, as well as SP2509 inhibition of LSD1 and mock treatment 4 conditions: siRNA against LSD1, siRNA against luciferase (non-targeting control); SP2509 inhibition of LSD1, mock treatment. There are 2 replicates per condition.
2016-06-30 | E-GEOD-77762 | biostudies-arrayexpress