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Project description:Sexual dimorphism in kidney injury markers, such as Klotho, is frequently underestimated or disregarded, as most of the preclinical research is done in male animals. Klotho is well-linked to renal health and its deletion in mice results in a severe accelerated aging-like phenotype and premature death. Here, we identified candidate Klotho enhancers and discovered their function using mice carrying deletions in the enhancer loci. Candidate Klotho enhancers were deleted using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Warm ischemia-reperfusion surgery (IRI) was performed bilaterally to induce acute kidney injury and unilaterally in a fibrosis model. Using ChIP-seq and RNA-seq, we analyzed renal chromatin features and gene expression. ELISA and colorimetric assays were used to measure serum FGF23 and serum component levels. Removal of the enhancer caused more substantial reduction in Klotho mRNA levels in female mice compared to males (90 vs. 50%), supported by gene promoter marks remaining more pronounced in males. Weight, lifespan, and fertility of mice lacking the enhancers were not impacted. Only male mutant mice displayed higher Havcr1 expression after IRI than controls (mean 1048 vs. 231.4, p=0.0016). 28 days after unilateral IRI, only males displayed increased fibrosis markers, but with no difference between genotypes. Our findings reveal sexual dimorphism of Klotho gene expression and its enhancer regulation. Only male mutant mice were more susceptible to acute injury and the enhancer deletion had no impact on fibrosis. Additional investigation into the mechanisms governing Klotho regulation is imperative to reassess its effectiveness as a kidney injury marker.
2024-04-04 | GSE243944 | GEO
Project description:Sexual dimorphism in kidney injury markers, such as Klotho, is frequently underestimated or disregarded, as most of the preclinical research is done in male animals. Klotho is well-linked to renal health and its deletion in mice results in a severe accelerated aging-like phenotype and premature death. Here, we identified candidate Klotho enhancers and discovered their function using mice carrying deletions in the enhancer loci. Candidate Klotho enhancers were deleted using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Warm ischemia-reperfusion surgery (IRI) was performed bilaterally to induce acute kidney injury and unilaterally in a fibrosis model. Using ChIP-seq and RNA-seq, we analyzed renal chromatin features and gene expression. ELISA and colorimetric assays were used to measure serum FGF23 and serum component levels. Removal of the enhancer caused more substantial reduction in Klotho mRNA levels in female mice compared to males (90 vs. 50%), supported by gene promoter marks remaining more pronounced in males. Weight, lifespan, and fertility of mice lacking the enhancers were not impacted. Only male mutant mice displayed higher Havcr1 expression after IRI than controls (mean 1048 vs. 231.4, p=0.0016). 28 days after unilateral IRI, only males displayed increased fibrosis markers, but with no difference between genotypes. Our findings reveal sexual dimorphism of Klotho gene expression and its enhancer regulation. Only male mutant mice were more susceptible to acute injury and the enhancer deletion had no impact on fibrosis. Additional investigation into the mechanisms governing Klotho regulation is imperative to reassess its effectiveness as a kidney injury marker.
2024-04-04 | GSE255885 | GEO
Project description:Sexual dimorphism in kidney injury markers, such as Klotho, is frequently underestimated or disregarded, as most of the preclinical research is done in male animals. Klotho is well-linked to renal health and its deletion in mice results in a severe accelerated aging-like phenotype and premature death. Here, we identified candidate Klotho enhancers and discovered their function using mice carrying deletions in the enhancer loci. Candidate Klotho enhancers were deleted using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Warm ischemia-reperfusion surgery (IRI) was performed bilaterally to induce acute kidney injury and unilaterally in a fibrosis model. Using ChIP-seq and RNA-seq, we analyzed renal chromatin features and gene expression. ELISA and colorimetric assays were used to measure serum FGF23 and serum component levels. Removal of the enhancer caused more substantial reduction in Klotho mRNA levels in female mice compared to males (90 vs. 50%), supported by gene promoter marks remaining more pronounced in males. Weight, lifespan, and fertility of mice lacking the enhancers were not impacted. Only male mutant mice displayed higher Havcr1 expression after IRI than controls (mean 1048 vs. 231.4, p=0.0016). 28 days after unilateral IRI, only males displayed increased fibrosis markers, but with no difference between genotypes. Our findings reveal sexual dimorphism of Klotho gene expression and its enhancer regulation. Only male mutant mice were more susceptible to acute injury and the enhancer deletion had no impact on fibrosis. Additional investigation into the mechanisms governing Klotho regulation is imperative to reassess its effectiveness as a kidney injury marker.
2024-04-04 | GSE243945 | GEO
Project description:Deletion of Klotho enhancer deepens sexual dimorphism of gene expression without impacting female resistance to kidney injury
| PRJNA1020768 | ENA
Project description:Deletion of Klotho enhancer deepens sexual dimorphism of gene expression without impacting female resistance to kidney injury [ChIP]
| PRJNA1020775 | ENA
Project description:Deletion of Klotho enhancer deepens sexual dimorphism of gene expression without impacting female resistance to kidney injury [RNA exp1]
| PRJNA1020778 | ENA
Project description:Deletion of Klotho enhancer deepens sexual dimorphism of gene expression without impacting female resistance to kidney injury [RNA exp2]
| PRJNA1076918 | ENA
Project description:Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular major events and mortality. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the complex cardiorenal network interaction remain unresolved. It is known that the presence of AKI and its evolution are significantly associated with an alteration in the anti-aging factor klotho expression. However, it is unknown whether a klotho deficiency might aggravate cardiac damage after AKI. We examined intracellular calcium (Ca2+) handling in native ventricular isolated cardiomyocytes from wild-type (+/+) and heterozygous hypomorphic mice for the klotho gene (+/kl) in which an overdose of folic acid was administered to induce AKI. Twenty-four hours after AKI induction, cardiomyocyte contraction was decreased in mice with the partial deletion of klotho expression (heterozygous hypomorphic klotho named +/kl). This was accompanied by alterations in Ca2+ transients during systole and an impairment of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2a) function in +/kl mice after AKI induction. Moreover, Ca2+ spark frequency and the incidence of Ca2+ pro-arrhythmic events were greater in cardiomyocytes from heterozygous hypomorphic klotho compared to wild-type mice after AKI. A decrease in klotho expression plays a role in cardiorenal damage aggravating cardiac Ca2+ mishandling after an AKI, providing the basis for future targeted approaches directed to control klotho expression as novel therapeutic strategies to reduce the cardiac burden that affects AKI patients.
| S-EPMC9867237 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionThe outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) severely impacted global health and economic status. The native receptor-ligand interaction of Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and S protein induces host cell pathogenesis via immunosuppression.Material and methodsThe emerging evidence reports the sex disparity in Covid-19 induced mortality rate which affects abundantly men population. Although the biological interaction of Covid-19 with receptor upregulates the viral genome protein interactions and initiates the predictive multiorgan failure followed by acute kidney injury (AKI) in Covid-19 infected male population.ConclusionBesides, the knowledge and lessons learned from the study depict that cellular and molecular links may explain the risk and severity of Covid-19 and AKI in the male population and lead to management of Covid-19 induced AKI. Therefore, this review explored the pathways associated with the pathogenesis of two diseased conditions with sex disparity.
| S-EPMC8898193 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Klotho and Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF)-23 were recently postulated as candidate biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets in acute kidney injury (AKI). We examined whether urine Klotho and serum intact FGF23 levels were differentially and independently associated with major adverse kidney events (MAKE) in critically ill patients with and without AKI. Single-center, prospective, case-control study. ICU in a tertiary medical center. 54 AKI patients and 52 controls without AKI admitted to the ICU. None. AKI was defined by KDIGO criteria and included only AKI stage ≥2. Controls were matched by age, gender, and baseline eGFR. Paired serum and urine samples were obtained 24-48h after AKI diagnosis (cases) or ICU admission (controls). The primary outcome was 90-day MAKE, which was the composite of all-cause death, dependence on renal replacement therapy or a 50% or higher decrease in eGFR from baseline. Forty-four (41.5%) patients developed MAKE-90. Patients who developed MAKE-90 had more comorbidity, higher acuity of illness scores and more prevalent AKI. Levels of urine Klotho adjusted by creatinine (Cr) were lower and serum intact FGF23 levels were higher in AKI patients vs. ICU controls. In adjusted models, the highest vs. lowest tertile of urine Klotho/Cr was independently associated with an overall 95% lower risk of MAKE-90 (81% lower risk in patients with AKI). The highest vs. lowest tertile of serum intact FGF23 was associated with >300% higher risk of MAKE-90. Urine Klotho/Cr levels were significantly lower and serum intact FGF23 levels significantly higher in critically ill patients with AKI vs. matched-controls without AKI. When measured in the first 48h of ICU admission or AKI diagnosis, urine Klotho/Cr independently associated with major adverse kidney events, particularly in patients with AKI. These results show promise for testing these biomarkers -individually or in combination- as part of novel risk-prediction models of renal outcomes in the ICU.
| S-EPMC7051168 | biostudies-literature