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Gene therapy for glaucoma using a combination targeting multiple genes with CRISPR-CasRx

ABSTRACT: Glaucoma affects approximately 80 million individuals worldwide, a condition for which current treatment options are inadequate. The primary risk factor for glaucoma is elevated intraocular pressure, which is currently the only controllable treatment approach. Elevated intraocular pressure is determined by the balance between the secretion and outflow of aqueous humor (AH). Utilizing CRISPR Cas9 to disrupt the expression of the AQP1 protein, which decreases the ciliary AH secretion, resulted in an approximate 22% reduction in intraocular pressure. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of single-gene therapies is limited. To address this limitation, we conducted experiments using two mouse models of ocular hypertension. Our findings indicate that reducing the expression of the genes Rock1 and Rock2, which are associated with the outflow of AH at the trabecular meshwork (TM), as well as the genes Aqp1 and Adrb2, which are related to the generation of AH at the ciliary body (CB), can significantly reduce intraocular pressure and provide protection to the retina ganglion cells (RGCs), ultimately delaying disease progression. In addition, we elucidated the mechanisms by which the knockdown of Rock1 and Rock2, or Aqp1 and Adrb2, reduces the IOP and secures RGCs by single-cell sequencing.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE247776 | GEO | 2024/05/23

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Glaucoma is a group of diseases characterized by progressive optic nerve damage leading to irreversible visual field loss, often associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). However, the specific underlying factors or molecular mechanisms distinguishing various glaucoma subtypes are still not fully understood. In this study, we enrolled a total of 27 subjects, comprising 5 exfoliation syndrome (XFS), 4 exfoliation glaucoma (XFG), 11 primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and 7 cataract patients (Control) for a comparative multi-omics analysis including both proteomics and metabolomics of the aqueous humor (AH). The AH proteome and metabolome were analyzed separately using data-independent acquisition (DIA) and data-dependent acquisition (DDA) methods, after which the results were additionally integrated for a comprehensive analysis. The comparative proteomics analysis led to the identification of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) related to lipid metabolism, complement activation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) regulation, which were commonly up-regulated in both XFG and POAG groups. The metabolomics analysis revealed differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) particularly those involved in amino acids, suggesting their role in antioxidative processes. Thus, bioinformatic analysis suggested significant substances, such as VTN, APOA1, C6, and L-phenylalanine, that showed quantitative alterations in glaucoma patients. In addition, the integrating the individual omics analyses revealed interaction networks involving PLG, APOA1, and L-phenylalanine, or C3, APOD, and L-valine, suggesting the quantitative relationship in protein-metabolite interactions related to inflammation and lipid metabolism within the AH of glaucoma patients. Furthermore, the correlation approach identified a relationship between FGG and L-phenylalanine, and VTN and inosine, implying potential interactions among compounds not previously identified. These findings would provide valuable insights into the complex molecular mechanism differentiating glaucoma subtypes and may benefit further research into the clinical application of AH proteome and metabolome.

Project description:Impaired drainage of aqueous humor through the trabecular meshwork (TM) culminating in increased intraocular pressure is a major risk factor for glaucoma, a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Regulation of aqueous humor drainage through the TM, however, is poorly understood. The role of RhoA GTPase-mediated contractile activity, cell adhesive interactions, and gene expression in regulation of aqueous humor outflow was investigated using adenoviral vector-driven expression of constitutively active RhoA (RhoAV14). Organ cultured anterior segments from porcine eyes expressing RhoAV14 exhibited significant reduction of aqueous humor outflow. Cultured TM cells expressing RhoAV14 revealed strong contractile cell morphology, increased actin stress fibers and focal adhesions, along with increased levels of phosphorylated myosin II, and collagen IV, fibronectin and laminin. cDNA microarray analysis of RNA extracted from RhoAV14 expressing human TM cells revealed a significant increase in the expression of genes encoding extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, cytokines, integrins, cytoskeletal proteins and signaling proteins. Conversely, various ECM proteins stimulated robust increases in phosphorylation of myosin II, paxillin and focal adhesion kinase, and activated Rho GTPase and actin stress fiber formation in TM cells, indicating a potential regulatory feedback interaction between ECM-induced mechanical strain and Rho GTPase-induced isometric tension in TM cells. Collectively, these data demonstrate that sustained activation of Rho GTPase signaling in the aqueous humor outflow pathway increases resistance to aqueous humor outflow through the trabecular pathway by influencing the contractile force, cell adhesive interactions, and the expression of ECM proteins and cytokines in TM cells. Keywords: Gene Expression Two condition experiment: Human trabecular mesh work cells infected with Adenivirus expressing GFP Vs Adenovirus expressing GFP and constitutively active RhoAV14

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Gene therapy for glaucoma using a combination targeting multiple genes with CRISPR-CasRx

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