Dataset Information

Gene and transposon transcription patterns in mouse organs highlight shared and organ-specific sex-biased regulation

ABSTRACT: Males and females differ in many aspects of their biology. To understand how sexual dimorphism in phenotypes arises, sex-biased gene regulation has been studied in both mice and humans across different cell types and different developmental stages. However, sex-biased expression of transposable elements (TEs) that represent nearly half of the mammalian genome and have the potential of influencing genome integrity and regulation, remains underexplored. Here, we report a survey of sex-biased expression of both genes and transposable elements (TEs) in four organs (brain, heart, lung, and liver) in mice with different combinations of gonadal sex and sex-chromosome complement that allow separating the influences of gonadal sex and sex chromosomes. We find remarkable variability among organs with respect to the impact of gonadal sex on transcription of both genes and TEs with the strongest effects observed in liver. In contrast, the X-chromosome dosage alone had modest influence on sex-biased transcription across different organs, albeit interaction between X-dosage and gonadal sex cannot be ruled out. The presence of the Y chromosome influenced TE, but not gene expression in liver. We also find that 90% of sex-biased TEs reside in clusters, whereas about 50% co-localize with sex-biased genes and share the same bias direction. These data imply that regulation of sex-biased TEs is often associated and concordant with that of sex-biased genes. Whether such a relationship also exists for non-sex-biased expression remains to be determined and may be of interest for understanding the pathogenesis of diseases associated with TEs in humans. Finally, we tested the heterochromatic sink hypothesis that predicts higher expression of genes and TEs in XX individuals and found no evidence to support it.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE248074 | GEO | 2025/03/06

REPOSITORIES: GEO

ACCESS DATA

Dataset's files

Source:

			Action	DRS
		Other

Items per page:

1 - 1 of 1

Similar Datasets

Project description:Stalk-eyed flies (family Diopsidae) are a model system for studying sexual selection due to the elongated and sexually dimorphic eye-stalks found in many species. These flies are of additional interest because their X chromosome is derived largely from an autosomal arm in other flies. To identify candidate genes required for development of dimorphic eyestalks and investigate how sex-biased expression arose on the novel X we compared gene expression between males and females using oligonucleotide microarrays and RNA from developing eyestalk tissue or adult heads in the dimorphic diopsid, Teleopsis dalmanni. Microarray analysis revealed sex-biased expression for 26% of 3,748 genes expressed in eye-antennal imaginal discs and concordant sex-biased expression for 86 genes in adult heads. Overall, 415 female-biased and 482 male-biased genes were associated with dimorphic eyestalk development but not differential expression in the adult head. Functional analysis revealed that male-biased genes are disproportionately associated with growth and mitochondrial function while female-biased genes are associated with cell differentiation and patterning or are novel transcripts. With regard to chromosomal effects, dosage compensation occurs by elevated expression of X-linked genes in males. Genes with female-biased expression were more common on the X and less common on autosomes than expected, while male-biased genes exhibited no chromosomal pattern. Rates of protein evolution were lower for female-biased genes but higher for genes that moved on or off the novel X chromosome. These findings cannot be due to meiotic sex chromosome inactivation or by constraints associated with dosage compensation. Instead, they could be consistent with sexual conflict in which female-biased genes on the novel X act primarily to reduce eyespan in females while other genes increase eyespan in both sexes. Additional information on sex-biased gene expression in other tissues and related sexually monomorphic species could confirm this interpretation.

Dataset Information

Gene and transposon transcription patterns in mouse organs highlight shared and organ-specific sex-biased regulation

Dataset's files

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets