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Integrated physiological, whole transcriptomic and functional analysis reveals the regulatory mechanisms of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in response to short-term and chronic hypoxia stress

ABSTRACT: The frequency of fish encountering hypoxia has risen dramatically as global warming and water pollution intensify, posing a serious threat to survival. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), which is an economically important fish worldwide, belongs to a typical hypoxia-sensitive fish. However, little is known about the response mechanisms employed by rainbow trout to hypoxia stress. In this study, we systematically analyzed the changes of liver biochemical parameters in rainbow trout exposed to moderate hypoxic conditions (DO: 4.5 ± 0.1 mg/L) for different durations (4, 8, 12, 24 h and 1 month) and 12 h and 24 h reoxygenation, and histologic and transcriptome (lncRNA, miRNA and mRNA) under hypoxia stress for 12 h (Tm12L) and 1 month (TmlL) compared with control, and the interaction between LOC110520201, miR-2188-y and sod1 was verified by dual-luciferase reporter, overexpression and silencing assays. Histological observations revealed that liver suffered severe damage in Tm12L but not in TmlL. Integrating biochemical parameters and mRNA expression profiles, we found that exposure to short-term hypoxia stress resulted in enhanced immune response, aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and lipid metabolism. In TmlL, increased anaerobic glycolysis and decreased aerobic glycolysis were observed, and antioxidant and immune capacity has returned to normal. Additionally, several key hypoxia-related genes (epo, vegfc, epor, sod1, ppara, foxo1a, gk, dusp1, nlrc3 and nlrp3) and ceRNA regulatory networks were identified from 2711 differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs, 575 DElncRNAs and 395 DEmiRNAs, including LOC110520201-miR-2188-y-sod1, LOC110533332-miR-144-y-vegfc, LOC110526066-miR-465-x-ppara and LOC110535032-miR-743-y-nlrp3. The analysis of expression patterns in liver and rainbow trout liver cells treated with hypoxia suggested that changes in LOC110520201, miR-2188-y and sod1 showed a ceRNA regulatory relationship. Further experiments demonstrated that sod1 is a target of miR-2188-y, and LOC110520201 silencing increased the expression of miR-2188-y and inhibited sod1 expression. These results facilitated our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of hypoxia response in rainbow trout and provided genetic resources for breeding hypoxia-tolerant varieties.

ORGANISM(S): Oncorhynchus mykiss

PROVIDER: GSE248971 | GEO | 2023/12/04

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Hypoxia negatively affects the behavior, growth, reproduction, and survival of fish, causing serious economic losses to aquaculture. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), an important economic fish worldwide, belongs to a hypoxia-sensitive fish species. However, the regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs under hypoxia stress response of rainbow trout remains unclear. In this study, rainbow trout were subjected to hypoxia stress (DO: 3.5 mg/L) for 3 h (H3h_L), 12 h (H12h_L), 24 h (H24h_L) and 3 h reoxygenation (R3h_L) to systemically evaluate the changes of miRNA expression profiles in liver, and the functions of sha-miR-92a_L+2R+4 were investigated. We found 17, 144, 57 and 55 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs in H3h_L vs. control (N_L), H12h_L vs. N_L, H24h_L vs. N_L and R3h_L vs. N_L comparisons, respectively. Enrichment analysis revealed that the targets of these DE miRNAs were significantly enriched in HIF signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. Through miRNA-mRNA nteraction and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), five key DE miRNAs (sha-miR-92a_L+2R+4, ssa-miR-128-3p, ssa-miR-101b-3p_R+1, ola-miR-199a-5p_R+2 and tni-miR-199_1ss18CG) were identified, which can target at least two hypoxia-responsive genes, such as vegfaa, ho, glut1a and junb. Functional analysis found that sha-miR-92a_L+2R+4 directly regulated vegfaa expression by targeting its 3′-UTR, overexpression of sha-miR-92a_L+2R+4 significantly decreased vegfaa expression in rainbow trout liver cells, while opposite results were obtained after transfection of sha-miR-92a_L+2R+4 inhibitor. Furthermore, overexpression of sha-miR-92a_L+2R+4 promoted rainbow trout liver cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. These results deepen our understanding of the crucial roles of miRNAs under hypoxia stress in rainbow trout, and provide valuable information for further studying the regulatory mechanisms of key hypoxia-responsive miRNAs and breeding hypoxia-tolerant rainbow trout species.

Project description:We have constructed a rainbow trout high-density oligonucleotide microarray by using all the available tentative consensus (TC) sequences from the Rainbow Trout Gene Index database (The Computational Biology and Functional Genomics Lab., Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard School of Public Health). The Rainbow Trout Gene Index integrates research data from all available international rainbow trout genomic research projects. The newly designed microarray incorporates 37,394 unique transcript-specific oligonucleotide probes, 60-mer long each. The microarray was printed according to our design by Agilent Technologies using the 4 X 44-design format and contains 1417 Agilent control spots. The performance of the new microarray platform was evaluated by analyzing gene expression associated with the rainbow trout vitellogenesis-induced muscle atrophy. These chips can be ordered from Agilent using design number 016320. This microarray is anticipated to open new avenues of research that will aid in the development of novel strategies to enhance growth efficiency and quality in salmonid species. Keywords: Development of an oligo-array for rainbow trout The performance of the new microarray platform was evaluated by analyzing transcriptome response associated with the rainbow trout vitellogenesis-induced muscle atrophy. Severe muscle deterioration accompanies the physiological responses of the energetic demands of the rainbow trout spawning/vitellogenesis. Atrophying muscle of fertile fish had 11% less extractable muscle (g/bw) and 11% less protein content compared to non-atrophying muscle of sterile fish (p<0.01). The rainbow trout was used to profile changes in gene expression of atrophying muscles. Gene expression levels were determined by comparing the amount of mRNA transcript present in the experimental sample (fertile fish) to the control (sterile fish). RNAs isolated from each experimental fish were run on separate microarrays in independent experiments, with no pooling. A total of 8 fish were used in the microarray experiments (4 replicates x 2 groups). Fluorophors (Cy3 and Cy5) were randomly assigned to RNA from each of the atrophying and nonatrophying muscles to limit the dye effect.

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Integrated physiological, whole transcriptomic and functional analysis reveals the regulatory mechanisms of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in response to short-term and chronic hypoxia stress

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