Comparative transcriptomics of the model entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and M. acridum during infection on different insects
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Metarhizium anisopliae Metarhizium acridum
PROVIDER: GSE24938 | GEO | 2011/01/31
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA131935
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:We used RNA-Seq to compare transcriptional responses of M. anisopliae and M. acridum to infection of the optically clear hind wings of adult locusts and cockroaches. It was calculated that >82% of predicted M. anisopliae genes and >88% of predicted M. acridum genes were expressed during pre-penetration growth. Germination and growth by M. anisopliae and M. acridum on either insect triggered high level expression of genes associated with translation and post-translational modifications. Between 6 to 10% of the genes that were highly expressed by M. anisopliae and M. acridum on host cuticles encoded cell wall proteins. Consistent with early host recognition events being key to establishing specificity, M. acridum but not M. anisopliae transcribed different Pth11-like GPCRs on locust and cockroach cuticles, thus differential activation of different signaling pathways. Examination of gene differential expressions by two different Metarhizium speceis on two different insects cuticles
2011-01-31 | E-GEOD-24938 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Although most known mycoviruses are asymptomatic or reduce the virulence of their host fungi, those that confer hypervirulence to entomopathogenic fungus still need to be explored. Here, we discovered and studied a novel mycovirus in Metarhizium flavoviride, isolated from Laodelphax striatellus. Based on molecular analysis, we tentatively designated the mycovirus as Metarhizium flavoviride partitivirus 1 (MfPV1), a novel species in genus Gammapartitivirus, family Partitiviridae. MfPV1 has two double-stranded (ds) RNAs as its genome, 1,775 and 1,575 bp in size respectively, encapsidated in isometric particles. When we transfected commercial strains of M. anisopliae and M. pingshaense with MfPV1, conidiation was significantly enhanced (t-test; P-value < 0. 01), and the significantly higher mortality rates of the larvae of Plutella xylostella and Spodoptera frugiperda, two important lepidopteran pests were found in virus-transfected strains (ANOVA; P-value < 0.05). Transcriptomic analysis showed that transcript levels of pathogenesis-related genes in MfPV1-infected M. anisopliae were obviously altered, suggesting increased production of metarhizium adhesin-like protein, hydrolyzed protein and destruxin synthetase. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanism whereby MfPV1 enhances the expression of pathogenesis-related genes and virulence of Metarhizium to lepidopteran pests. This study presents experimental evidence that the transfection of other entomopathogenic fungal species with a mycovirus can confer significant hypervirulence and provides a good example that mycoviruses could be used as synergistic agent to enhance the biocontrol activity of entomopathogenic fungi.
2024-05-03 | GSE266301 | GEO
Project description:Uric acid stored in the fat body of cockroaches is a nitrogen reservoir mobilized in times of scarcity. The discovery of urease in Blattabacterium cuenoti, the primary endosymbiont of cockroaches, suggests that the endosymbiont may participate in cockroach nitrogen economy. However, bacterial urease may only be one piece in the entire nitrogen recycling process from insect uric acid. Thus, in addition to the uricolytic pathway to urea, there must be glutamine synthetase assimilating the released ammonia by the urease reaction to enable the stored nitrogen to be metabolically usable.
2014-12-08 | GSE63921 | GEO
Project description:Background: Responses to hypoxia have been investigated in many species; however, comparative study between conspecific geographical populations in different altitude regions is rare, especially for invertebrates . The migratory locust, Locusta migratoria, is widely distributed both on high-altitude Tibetan Plateau (TP) and on low-altitude North China Plain (NP). TP locusts have inhabited Tibetan Plateau since Quaternary glaciations events and thus probably have evolved superior capacity to deal with hypoxia. Results: Here we compared the hypoxic responses of TP and NP locusts from morphological, behavioral and physiological perspectives. We found that TP locusts were more tolerant of extreme hypoxia than NP locusts, with a lower proportion exhibiting stupor, a faster recovery time, and higher respiration rates. We compared the transcriptional profiles of field TP and NP locusts and found that their differences were possibly attributed to a combination of multiple factors, e.g. oxygen, UV radiation, temperature and nutrition. To evaluate why TP locusts respond to extreme hypoxia differently from NP locusts, we subjected them to extreme hypoxia and compared their transcriptional responses. We found that the aerobic metabolism was more active in TP locusts than in NP locusts. RNAi disruption of PDHE1b, an entry gene from glycolysis to TCA cycle, increased the ratio of stupor in Tibetan locusts and decreased the ATP content of Tibetan locusts in hypoxia, confirming the significant importance of this metabolic branch for TP locusts to conquer hypoxia. Conclusions: Here we show that TP locusts are better tolerant of hypoxia than NP locusts and the better capacity to modulate primary metabolism in TP locusts contributes to their superior tolerance of hypoxia compared to NP locusts.
2013-12-24 | GSE43327 | GEO
Project description:The entomopathogen Metarhizium anisopliae contains strains with wide host ranges and specialist strains adapted to particular hosts. Patterns of gene duplication, divergence and deletion in three generalist and three specialist strains were investigated by heterologous hybridization of genomic DNA to genes from the generalist strain ARSEF 2575. Many sequences from 2575 that are highly conserved in fungi showed rapid evolution and loss in specialist Metarhizium genomes. Some poorly hybridizing genes in specialists were functionally coordinated, including several involved in toxin biosyntheses and sugar metabolism in root exudates, indicative of reductive evolution. This suggests that specialists are loosing genes required to live in alternative hosts or as saprophytes. Several components of mobile genetic elements were also highly divergent or lost in specialists. Exceptionally, the genome of the specialist strain ARSEF 443 contained extra insertion elements that might play a role in generating evolutionary novelty. Three microarray slides were used in comparison (cDNAs are replicated in triplicate on each slide). 324 strainâ??s DNA was co-hybridized with strain ARSEF 2575 DNA in dye swapping replicate experiments and the relative hybridization efficiency (fluorescence ratio) of their DNA for strain ARSEF 2575 genes was compared. This array harbors PCR amplified fragments from the unique cDNA clones from M. anisopliae var. anisopliae ARSEF 2575 and a few genes from M. anisopliae var. acridum ARSEF 324 absent from the libraries of ARSEF 2575. In total, 1730 amplified clones were printed in triplicates on the slides. Additional background control was provided by 30 randomly distributed spots of 3Ã?SSC buffer. Printing, hybridization, and scanning of slides was as described before (Freimoser et al., 2005).
2010-05-16 | E-GEOD-14846 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Aposematism and warning coloration are common defense strategies used by animals to deter predators. Pestilential gregarious locusts display a striking black-brown pattern, which is presumed to be a form of warning coloration compared to green solitary locusts. However, the specific mechanisms involved in regulating this distinctive pattern are not yet understood. Here, we found that different amounts of β-carotene and β-carotene-binding protein (βCBP) complexes confer the black tergum and brown sternum of locust. The expression level of βCBP is regulated by the bZIP transcription factor ATF2, which is activated by protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) in response to crowding. Specifically, ATF2 is phosphorylated at Ser327 and translocates to the nucleus, where it binds to specific sites on the βCBP promoter and stimulates overexpression. Differential phosphorylation of ATF2 resulted in the divergent black and brown body coloration of gregarious locusts. The overexpression of βCBP in the sternum is essential for the accumulation of red pigments, which creates the sharp contrast between the black tergum and the brown sternum. This spatial variation in ATF2 phosphorylation levels allows locusts to adapt to changing environmental conditions and better evade predation.
2023-08-24 | PXD042860 | Pride
Project description:Background: Responses to hypoxia have been investigated in many species; however, comparative study between conspecific geographical populations in different altitude regions is rare, especially for invertebrates . The migratory locust, Locusta migratoria, is widely distributed both on high-altitude Tibetan Plateau (TP) and on low-altitude North China Plain (NP). TP locusts have inhabited Tibetan Plateau since Quaternary glaciations events and thus probably have evolved superior capacity to deal with hypoxia. Results: Here we compared the hypoxic responses of TP and NP locusts from morphological, behavioral and physiological perspectives. We found that TP locusts were more tolerant of extreme hypoxia than NP locusts, with a lower proportion exhibiting stupor, a faster recovery time, and higher respiration rates. We compared the transcriptional profiles of field TP and NP locusts and found that their differences were possibly attributed to a combination of multiple factors, e.g. oxygen, UV radiation, temperature and nutrition. To evaluate why TP locusts respond to extreme hypoxia differently from NP locusts, we subjected them to extreme hypoxia and compared their transcriptional responses. We found that the aerobic metabolism was more active in TP locusts than in NP locusts. RNAi disruption of PDHE1b, an entry gene from glycolysis to TCA cycle, increased the ratio of stupor in Tibetan locusts and decreased the ATP content of Tibetan locusts in hypoxia, confirming the significant importance of this metabolic branch for TP locusts to conquer hypoxia. Conclusions: Here we show that TP locusts are better tolerant of hypoxia than NP locusts and the better capacity to modulate primary metabolism in TP locusts contributes to their superior tolerance of hypoxia compared to NP locusts. FIELD POPULATION: TP locusts vs. NP locusts;direct comparison on 6 separate microarrays; each microarray compares one biological replicate; each biological replicate contains 10 individuals. LAB POPULATION: hypoxia-treated TP locusts vs TP locusts in normoxia; hypoxia-treated NP locusts vs NP locusts in normoxia; direct comparison on 6 separate microarrays; each microarray compares one biological replicate; each biological replicate contains 10 individuals.
2013-12-24 | E-GEOD-43327 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Comparative transcriptomics of the model entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and M. acridum during infection on different insects
| PRJNA131935 | ENA
Project description:Conidial germination marks the beginning of the fungal life cycle, and understanding the genes associated with conidial germination provides insights into fungal pathogenicity and host interactions. Here, we use comparative transcriptomics to demonstrate the transcriptional similarities and differences during conidial germination and initial colony establishment in a plant pathogenic and an endophytic fungus, Fusarium graminearum and M. anisopliae, respectively. We compared the transcriptomes of F. graminearum and M. anisopliae across four stages of conidial germination: fresh conidia, polar growth, hyphal extension, and either first hyphal branching (on medium) or appressorium formation (on barley). F. graminearum exhibited a higher upregulation of CAZyme, specialized metabolite and effector genes compared to M. anisopliae during interaction with the host, particularly in the appressorium stage, reflecting its pathogenic nature. The appressorium structures formed when M. anisopliae conidia germinated on the host. The transcriptome analysis revealed that the fungus produced reduced transcript levels of CAZyme and specialized metabolite genes reflecting a less aggressive host penetration approach. The candidate genes associated with IAA synthesis were upregulated in M. anisopliae during the appressorium stage, supporting its endophytic lifestyle and suggests that the fungus uses a phytohormone based strategy to interact with plant hosts. Collectively, our findings expand the transcriptome resources and provide valuable insights into the gene networks involved in conidial germination and initiation of infection in pathogenic versus endophytic fungus.
2024-11-05 | GSE277787 | GEO
Project description:The migratory locust, Locusta migratoria, is a serious agricultural pest and important insect model to study insect digestion and feeding behavior. The gut is one of the primary interfaces between the insect and its environment. Nevertheless, knowledge on the gut transcriptome of L. migratoria is still very limited. With the development of two EST databases from L. migratoria (whole body and central nervous system (CNS)) and one EST database from Schistocerca gregaria (CNS), an abundance of transcript data was made available for locusts. In addition, the genome of Locusta was also recently published in an effort to create a better understanding of swarm formation and flight behavior (Wang et al., 2014). While the transcript composition of nervous tissue was relatively well studied after the development of the specific CNS-derived EST-databases from both L. migratoria and S. gregaria, little transcript profiling information is available for the digestive system at the moment. Locusts are, however, widely used as physiological model organisms regarding the regulation and control of feeding and digestion, and improved knowledge on the gut transcriptome could contribute significantly to a better understanding of their gut physiology. Therefore, we aimed to use the available sequence data to specifically identify gut-expressed transcripts in 5th larval locusts. By means of two independent self-self microarray hybridizations for two distinct tissues, the gut and the brain, a selection could be made of those ESTs that are present in the gut and/or the brain. Here, sequences that were found to be expressed in gut but not brain were further functionally annotated to shed new light on the complex physiology of the locust digestive system. Since the gut is the single most important organ in digestion, and both tissues are assumed to be involved in the regulation thereof, the resulting subset of sequences can also be valuable for further in-depth studies on the regulation of digestion. In addition, the method allowed us to rank the signal intensities, using them as a rough indicator to compare relative transcript abundance in the gut. Therefore, the data complement previously published transcript and genomic data, and provide a clear overview of the expressed portion of the genome in the gut. Taken together, the present data provide significant insight into locust larval gut physiology, and will be valuable for future studies on the insect gut. Self-self hybridisation of Cy5- and Cy3-labeled samples. One biological repeat per tissue type, i.e., brain and gut. Gut is a combination of foregut, midgut, gastric caeca and hindgut. Per tissue type, a pool was made from RNA from 3 pools of 5 locusts, and this for 3 different feeding conditions, resulting in samples derived from a total of 45 locust larvae. Feeding conditions were normally fed, fed with diet containing additional protease inhibitors (PIs), and starved locusts.
2016-07-02 | E-GEOD-83967 | biostudies-arrayexpress