A Conserved Transcription Factor Regulatory Program Promotes Tendon Fate
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE252165 | GEO | 2024/06/13
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Little is understood about the roles of tendon cells during flexor tendon healing. To better understand tendon cell functions, the Scx-Cre mouse was crossed to the DTR mouse model to facilitate scleraxis lineage cell depletion prior to acute flexor tendon injury and repair. WT (cre-) and experimental (cre+) mice underwent complete transection and repair of the flexor digitorum longus tendon. Repaired tendons were harvested at 14 and 28 days post-repair for bulk RNA-Seq analysis to examine possible mechanisms driving differential healing due to Scx lineage cell depletion.
2021-02-08 | GSE156157 | GEO
Project description:The musculoskeletal system is integrated by tendons that are characterized by expression of a functionally important transcription factor Scleraxis (Scx). To date, there has been no solid culture system for tenogenic differentiation. Here we developed the tenocyte induction method using induced pluripotent stem cells established from ScxGFP transgenic mice by monitoring fluorescence that reflects a series of dynamic differentiation process. Among several developmentally relevant factors, TGF-2 was the most potent inducer for differentiation of tenocytes expressing Tenomodulin, a mature differentiation marker. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) revealed 11 distinct clusters including mature tenocyte population and tenogenic differentiation trajectory, which well recapitulates in vivo developmental process. Dataset of scRNA-seq and transcriptome of Scx deficient tendon enabled identification of Scx-related genes in which tendon-related genes are enriched. Collectively, this study leads to a new opportunity for tendon research and provides further insight into mechanistic understanding of the differentiation pathway to a tenogenic fate.
2022-03-09 | GSE168451 | GEO
Project description:Adult tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) are essential for tendon maintenance, regeneration, and repair, yet they become susceptible to senescence with age, impairing the self-healing capacity of tendons. In this study, we employ a recently developed deep-learning-based efficacy prediction system to screen potential stemness-promoting and senescence-inhibiting drugs from natural products using the transcriptional signatures of stemness. The top-ranked candidate prim-O-glucosylcimifugin (POG), a saposhnikovia root extract, could ameliorate TPSC- senescent phenotypes caused by long-term passage and natural aging in rats and humans, as well as restore self-renewal and proliferation capacities, and tenogenic potential of aged TSPCs. In vivo, the systematic administration of POG or the local delivery of POG nanoparticles functionally rescues endogenous tendon regeneration and repair capacity in aged rats to levels similar to normal animals. Mechanistically, POG protects TSPCs against functional impairment during both passage-induced and natural aging by simultaneously suppressing nuclear factor-κB and downregulating mTOR signaling with induction of autophagy. Together, the strategy by pharmacological intervention with deep learning-predicted compound POG could rejuvenate aged TSPCs and improve the regenerative capacity of aged tendons. We performed mRNA microarray analyses of DMSO-treated and POG-treated Passage 12 TSPCs and identified meaningful genes in down-regulated and up-regulated group
2023-11-02 | GSE241201 | GEO
Project description:Tendons are composed of a heterogeneous cell environment, with Scleraxis-lineage (ScxLin) cells being the predominant population. Although ScxLin cells are required for maintenance of tendon homeostasis, their functions during tendon healing are unknown. To this end, we first characterized the spatiotemporal dynamics of ScxLin cells during tendon healing, and identified that the overall ScxLin pool continuously expands up to early remodeling healing phase. To better define the function of ScxLin cells during the late proliferative phase of healing, we inducibly depleted ScxLin cells from day 14-18 post-surgery using the Scx-Cre; Rosa-DTR mouse model, with local administration of diphtheria toxin inducing apoptosis of ScxLin cells in the healing tendon. At D28 post-surgery, ScxLin cell depleted tendons (DTRScxLin) had substantial impairments in structure and function, relative to WT, demonstrating the importance of ScxLin cells during tendon healing. Next, bulk RNAseq was utilized to identify the underlying mechanisms that were impaired with depletion and revealed that ScxLin depletion induced molecular and morphological stagnation of the healing process at D28. However, this stagnation was transient, such that by D56 tendon mechanics in DTRScxLin were not significantly different than wildtype repairs. Collectively, these data offer fundamental knowledge on the dynamics and roles of ScxLin cells during tendon healing.
2022-09-13 | GSE213033 | GEO
Project description:Adult tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) are essential for tendon maintenance, regeneration, and repair, yet they become susceptible to senescence with age, impairing the self-healing capacity of tendons. In this study, we employ a recently developed deep-learning-based efficacy prediction system to screen potential stemness-promoting and senescence-inhibiting drugs from natural products using the transcriptional signatures of stemness. The top-ranked candidate prim-O-glucosylcimifugin (POG), a saposhnikovia root extract, could ameliorate TPSC- senescent phenotypes caused by long-term passage and natural aging in rats and humans, as well as restore self-renewal and proliferation capacities, and tenogenic potential of aged TSPCs. In vivo, the systematic administration of POG or the local delivery of POG nanoparticles functionally rescues endogenous tendon regeneration and repair capacity in aged rats to levels similar to normal animals. Mechanistically, POG protects TSPCs against functional impairment during both passage-induced and natural aging by simultaneously suppressing nuclear factor-κB and downregulating mTOR signaling with induction of autophagy. Together, the strategy by pharmacological intervention with deep learning-predicted compound POG could rejuvenate aged TSPCs and improve the regenerative capacity of aged tendons. We performed mRNA microarray analyses of DMSO-treated and POG-treated TSPCs from 18-month-old rats and identified meaningful genes in down-regulated and up-regulated group
2023-11-02 | GSE241202 | GEO
Project description:Tendons play a critical role in the transmission of forces between muscles and bones, and chronic tendon injuries and diseases are among the leading causes of musculoskeletal disability. For many types of tendinopathies, women have worse clinical outcomes than men. It is possible that sex-based differences in tendon morphology, composition and mechanical properties may explain the greater susceptibility of women to develop tendinopathies. Our objective was to evaluate the mechanical properties, biochemical composition, transcriptome, and cellular activity of plantarflexor tendons from four month old male and female C57Bl/6 mice using in vitro biomechanics, mass spectrometry-based proteomics, genome-wide expression profiling, and cell culture techniques. Differences between groups were tested using t-tests (α=0.05). While the Achilles tendons of male mice were approximately 6% larger than female mice (P<0.05), the cell density of female mice was around 19% larger than males (P<0.05). No significant differences in the length (P=0.34), peak force (P=0.86), peak stress (P=0.52) or energy loss during stretch (P=0.94) of plantaris tendons were observed. Mass spectrometry proteomics analysis revealed no significant difference between sexes in the abundance of major extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins like collagen types I (P=0.30) and III (P=0.68), but female mice had approximately two-fold elevations (P<0.05) in different minor ECM proteins such as fibronectin, periostin, and tenascin. Using microarray analysis, there was no significant differences (P>0.05) in the expression of most major and minor ECM genes, and in the expression of genes involved in tendon fibroblast specification or proliferation. Whole tendon qPCR analysis showed significant expression differences in elastin, scleraxis, and tenomodulin. Cell culture techniques to test the effects of sex-specific extracellular environment on cellular activity show significant differences in gene expression of type I and III collagen, Ki67, scleraxis, and tenomodulin. Histologic analysis demonstrated that males have larger tendon cross-sectional area and lower cell density when compared to females. However, there were no differences between the sexes in the mechanical properties of tendons or in the majority of primary structural extracellular matrix proteins, although elevations were observed in some minor ECM proteins. Microarray analysis also showed no significant sex-based differences in the expression of major genes associated with collagen composition, extracellular components and turnover, and fibroblast proliferation. Cell culture tests of non-autonomous cellular activity show no major signals for ECM synthesis nor fibroblast proliferation. Our results indicate that while male mice expectedly had larger tendons, male and female mice have very similar mechanical properties and biochemical composition, with small increases in minor ECM proteins and proteoglycans in female tendons. The role that these minor ECM proteins and proteoglycans play in tendon repair should be evaluated in future studies. No treatment administered, study done to evaluate normal expression profiles of male and female tenocytes. This analysis is based on a Mouse Gene ST 2.1 strip that was processed in the microarray facility in May 2015 using the wt-pico kit.
2016-08-11 | E-GEOD-85415 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Self-renewal of tendons is rare since the vascular formation inside is extremely poor, thus reconstructive surgery using autologous tendons has been often taken place in the case of severe injury. However, the rate of re-injury after surgery is relatively high, and collection of autologous tendons leads muscle weakness which results in prolonged rehabilitation. Here, we introduce the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-based technology aiming at developing a new therapeutic option after tendon injury. Firstly, we derived tenocytes from human iPSCs by recapitulating the normal progression of step-wise narrowing fate decisions in the vertebrate embryo. We used single-cell RNA sequencing to analyze the developmental trajectory of iPSCs-derived tenocytes. We then demonstrated that grafting iPSCs-tenocytes contributed to recovery of motor function after Achilles tendon injury in rat via engraftments and paracrine effects. The biomechanical strength of regenerated tendons recovered comparable to that of healthy tendons. We propose that the iPSCs-tenocytes will provide a novel therapeutic option in tendon injury.
2021-07-01 | PXD020887 | JPOST Repository
Project description:We have reported that loss of Tnmd leads to inferior early tendon repair characterized by fibrovascular scaring and therefore hypothesized that its lack will persistently cause deficient repair during later stages. Tnmd knockout (Tnmd-/-) and wild-type (WT) animals were subjected to complete Achilles tendon surgical transection followed by end-to-end suture. Lineage tracing revealed a reduction in tendon-lineage cells marked by ScleraxisGFP, but an increase in alpha smooth muscle actin myofibroblasts in Tnmd-/- tendon scars. At the proliferative stage, more pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and larger collagen II cartilaginous template were detected in this group. At the remodeling stage, histological scoring revealed lower repair quality in the injured Tnmd-/- tendons, which was coupled with higher HO quantified by micro-CT. Tendon biomechanical properties were compromised in both groups upon injury, however we identified an abnormal stiffening of non-injured Tnmd-/- tendons, which possessed higher static and dynamic E-moduli. Pathologically thicker and abnormally shaped collagen fibrils were observed by TEM in Tnmd-/- tendons and this together with augmented HO resulted in diminished running capacity of Tnmd-/- mice. These novel findings demonstrate that Tnmd plays a protecting role against trauma-induced endochondral HO and can inspire the generation of novel therapeutics to accelerate repair.
2021-11-08 | GSE179454 | GEO
Project description:Despite their important roles in the musculoskeletal system, tendon and ligaments are much less studied comparing to bone, cartilage and muscle. The lack of knowledge in tendon biology severely hinders the understanding of the etiologies of tendon related diseases and development of efficient clinical treatments. In mouse, Scx gene, encoding a Twist family bHLH transcription factor, is expressed in progenitors of all tendons and ligaments, as well as in mature tenocytes. Previous studies show that inactivation of Scx gene results in absence or severe hypoplastia of force transmitting tendons, with muscle anchoring tendons and ligaments are less affected. Here we report a set of ChIPseq data from E13.5 forelimbs of novel Scx-2xFlag tagged mice in which a Scx-Flag fusion protein is expressed recapitulating endogenous Scx expression, and a set of RNAseq data of Scx-GFP positive cells from E13.5 Scx wildtype, E15.5 Scx wildtype and homozygous mutant forelimbs. Using RNAseq and ChIPseq assays, we identify several genes exhibiting Scx-dependent tendon expression druing differentiation, with Scx binding peaks located within their promoter/enhancer regions. Thus these genes may play critical roles in mediating Scx regulated tendon cell differentiation. Our results provide new insights in the mechanisms of tendon development.
2021-06-28 | GSE173428 | GEO
Project description:Tendons play a critical role in the transmission of forces between muscles and bones, and chronic tendon injuries and diseases are among the leading causes of musculoskeletal disability. For many types of tendinopathies, women have worse clinical outcomes than men. It is possible that sex-based differences in tendon morphology, composition and mechanical properties may explain the greater susceptibility of women to develop tendinopathies. Our objective was to evaluate the mechanical properties, biochemical composition, transcriptome, and cellular activity of plantarflexor tendons from four month old male and female C57Bl/6 mice using in vitro biomechanics, mass spectrometry-based proteomics, genome-wide expression profiling, and cell culture techniques. Differences between groups were tested using t-tests (α=0.05). While the Achilles tendons of male mice were approximately 6% larger than female mice (P<0.05), the cell density of female mice was around 19% larger than males (P<0.05). No significant differences in the length (P=0.34), peak force (P=0.86), peak stress (P=0.52) or energy loss during stretch (P=0.94) of plantaris tendons were observed. Mass spectrometry proteomics analysis revealed no significant difference between sexes in the abundance of major extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins like collagen types I (P=0.30) and III (P=0.68), but female mice had approximately two-fold elevations (P<0.05) in different minor ECM proteins such as fibronectin, periostin, and tenascin. Using microarray analysis, there was no significant differences (P>0.05) in the expression of most major and minor ECM genes, and in the expression of genes involved in tendon fibroblast specification or proliferation. Whole tendon qPCR analysis showed significant expression differences in elastin, scleraxis, and tenomodulin. Cell culture techniques to test the effects of sex-specific extracellular environment on cellular activity show significant differences in gene expression of type I and III collagen, Ki67, scleraxis, and tenomodulin. Histologic analysis demonstrated that males have larger tendon cross-sectional area and lower cell density when compared to females. However, there were no differences between the sexes in the mechanical properties of tendons or in the majority of primary structural extracellular matrix proteins, although elevations were observed in some minor ECM proteins. Microarray analysis also showed no significant sex-based differences in the expression of major genes associated with collagen composition, extracellular components and turnover, and fibroblast proliferation. Cell culture tests of non-autonomous cellular activity show no major signals for ECM synthesis nor fibroblast proliferation. Our results indicate that while male mice expectedly had larger tendons, male and female mice have very similar mechanical properties and biochemical composition, with small increases in minor ECM proteins and proteoglycans in female tendons. The role that these minor ECM proteins and proteoglycans play in tendon repair should be evaluated in future studies.
2016-08-11 | GSE85415 | GEO