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Effect of VEGF-C treatment on sorted brain microglia/macrophages

ABSTRACT: Meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs) promote tissue clearance and immune surveillance in the central nervous system (CNS). Vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) regulates MLV development and maintenance and has therapeutic potential for treating neurological disorders. Herein, we investigated the effects of VEGF-C overexpression on brain fluid drainage and ischemic stroke outcomes in mice. Intra-cerebrospinal administration of an adeno-associated virus expressing mouse full-length VEGF-C (AAV-mVEGF-C) increased CSF drainage to the deep cervical lymph nodes (dCLNs) by enhancing lymphatic growth, and upregulated neuroprotective signaling pathways identified by single nuclei RNA sequencing of brain cells. In a mouse model of ischemic stroke, AAV-mVEGF-C pretreatment reduced stroke injury and ameliorated motor performances in the subacute stage, associated with mitigated microglia-mediated inflammation and increased BDNF signaling in brain cells. Neuroprotective effects of VEGF-C were lost upon ligation of the dCLN afferent lymphatics, and not mimicked by acute post-stroke VEGF-C injection. We conclude that VEGF-C prophylaxis promotes multiple vascular, immune, and neural responses that culminate in a protection against neurological damage in acute ischemic stroke.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE252622 | GEO | 2024/02/27

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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VEGF-C prophylaxis promotes lymphatic drainage, microglia modulation, and neuroprotection in response to stroke injury

Project description:Meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs) promote tissue clearance and immune surveillance in the central nervous system (CNS). Vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) regulates MLV development and maintenance and has therapeutic potential for treating neurological disorders. Herein, we investigated the effects of VEGF-C overexpression on brain fluid drainage and ischemic stroke outcomes in mice. Intra-cerebrospinal administration of an adeno-associated virus expressing mouse full-length VEGF-C (AAV-mVEGF-C) increased CSF drainage to the deep cervical lymph nodes (dCLNs) by enhancing lymphatic growth, and upregulated neuroprotective signaling pathways identified by single nuclei RNA sequencing of brain cells. In a mouse model of ischemic stroke, AAV-mVEGF-C pretreatment reduced stroke injury and ameliorated motor performances in the subacute stage, associated with mitigated microglia-mediated inflammation and increased BDNF signaling in brain cells. Neuroprotective effects of VEGF-C were lost upon ligation of the dCLN afferent lymphatics, and not mimicked by acute post-stroke VEGF-C injection. We conclude that VEGF-C prophylaxis promotes multiple vascular, immune, and neural responses that culminate in a protection against neurological damage in acute ischemic stroke.

2024-01-18 | GSE253051 | GEO

Meningeal lymphatic vasculature mediates cervical lymph node metastasis of brain tumors through VEGF-C/VEGFR3/eNOS signaling pathway

Project description:Purpose: The rediscovery of meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs) suggests a potential linkage between brain tumors and cervical lymph nodes (LNs). In this study, we investigated whether and how meningeal lymphatics regulate the metastasis of brain tumor cells. Experimental Design: We first examined the pattern of MLVs and LNs after tumor cells were injected into the cisterna magna (i.c.m.) or subdural space of mice. The meninges were isolated and analyzed by whole-mount immunofluorescence staining. LN metastasis was analyzed by detecting GFP+ tumor cells. Then we used inducible knock-out mice and AAV-VEGF-C delivery system to study the function of MLVs in mediating the metastasis of brain tumor cells. Finally, RNA-seq was used to determine the expression profiles of meningeal lymphatic endothelial cells (mLECs) in mice with or without tumors. The roles of the endothelial nitric oxide synthetase (eNOS) were evaluated both genetically and pharmacologically in vivo. Results: Meningeal lymphangiogenesis induced by GL261 and B16 tumors was correlated with dCLN swelling and metastasis. dCLN metastasis was suppressed in MLV-defective mice, while promoted in AAV-VEGF-C-treated mice. In addition, we found that VEGF-C/VEGFR3 signaling regulated both meningeal and tumor lymphangiogenesis. Tumor-associated mLECs have a distinct transcriptomic signature, which highly express eNOS. Furthermore, genetic or pharmacological inhibition of eNOS significantly suppressed meningeal lymphangiogenesis and dCLN metastasis. Conclusions: The meningeal lymphatic vasculature mediates the metastasis of brain tumors to cervical LNs, mainly through a VEGF-C/VEGFR3-eNOS signaling pathway, suggesting that MLV may be a potential therapeutic target for the extracranial metastasis of brain tumors.

2020-03-16 | GSE128207 | GEO

Non-invasive modulation of meningeal lymphatics ameliorates ageing and Alzheimer’s disease-associated pathology and cognition in miceted pathology and cognition in mice

Project description:Meningeal lymphatic vessels (mLVs) have been shown to be involved in amyloid beta (Aβ) clearance, which is considered as a potential therapeutic target for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study, based on the superficial spatial distribution of mLVs, a near-infrared light is employed to modulate lymphatic drainage, significantly improving cognition of both aged and AD (5xFAD and APP/PS1) mice, and alleviating AD-associated pathology by reducing Aβ deposition, neuroinflammation and neuronal damage. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy imaging and RNA sequencing data indicate amelioration of mitochondrial metabolism and cellular junction of meningeal lymphatic endothelial cells (mLECs) by light modulation. These studies collectively suggest that near-infrared light treatment can improve cognitive function by strengthening scavenging ability of mLVs through restoring mLEC function. In conclusion, lymphatic drainage potentiation by light promotes pathological remission and cognitive enhancement in aging and AD mouse models, which offers a potential amelioration strategy for neurodegenerative diseases.

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The role of microglial lnc-U90926 in ischemic stroke

Project description:Dysregulated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. However, the potential role of lncRNAs in post-stroke microglial reactivation remains largely unknown. Here, we uncovered that lncRNA-U90926 was significantly increased in the microglia exposed to ischemia/reperfusion in vivo and in vitro. In addition, adenovirus associated virus (AAV)-mediated microglial U90926 silencing alleviated neurological deficits and reduced infarct volume in experimental stroke mice. Microglial U90926 knockdown could reduce the infiltration of neutrophils into ischemic lesion site, which might be attributed to the downregulation of C-X-C motif ligand 2 (CXCL2). Mechanistically, U90926 directly bound to malate dehydrogenase (MDH2) and competitively inhibited MDH2-mediated decay of CXCL2 mRNA. Taken together, our study demonstrated that microglial U90926 aggravated ischemic brain injury via facilitating neutrophil infiltration, suggesting that U90926 might be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.

2020-10-24 | GSE159903 | GEO

Mouse CSF Analyses of middle cerebral ischemic/reperfusion (CI/R) injury followed by Buyang Huanwu Decoction

Project description:Ischemic stroke is one of the most common causes of death worldwide and a major cause of acquired disability in adults. Buyang Huanwu decoction (BHD), a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, has long been used clinically for neurological recovery after stroke. Its molecular characteristics and related biomarkers for the therapeutic effect in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are yet to be explored. In this project, CSF was obtained from acute ischemic stroke induced mice by a middle cerebral ischemic/reperfusion (CI/R) injury. Proteomic and metabolomic analyses of CSF were performed using LC-MS/MS to define the neuroprotective effect of BHD and the related biomarkers.

2019-02-16 | PXD006342 | Pride

Molecular characterization of the brain peri-infarct region after post-stroke MANF administration

Project description:Shotgun proteomics analysis of brain peri-infarct region from rats subjected to ischemic stroke and treated with AAV-MANF or a control AAV-eGFP, compared to each other and to rats subjected to a sham operation.

2019-05-28 | MSV000083869 | MassIVE

Project description:The meningeal lymphatic network—housed within the dural meninges surrounding the brain— is critical for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage. Through continuous brain interstitial fluid (ISF) mixing with CSF via the glymphatic system, this lymphatic network facilitates the removal of central nervous system (CNS) waste. During aging and in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), attenuated meningeal lymphatic drainage promotes the buildup of toxic misfolded proteins—including amyloid beta—in the CNS. Alleviating this age-related meningeal lymphatic dysfunction represents a promising therapeutic strategy to alleviate AD pathology. However, the mechanisms underlying this lymphatic decline remain elusive. Here we demonstrate that age-related alterations in meningeal immunity contribute to meningeal lymphatic impairment. Single-cell RNA-sequencing of dural lymphatic endothelial cells in aged mice demonstrated a response signature to the cytokine IFNγ, which was elevated in the aged dura due to meningeal T cell accumulation. Chronic elevation of IFNγ in the meninges of young mice via AAV-mediated overexpression altered lymphatic adherans junctions and impaired CSF drainage to deep cervical lymph nodes—comparable to the deficits observed in aged mice. Direct disruption of lymphatic junctions via CSF-delivered VE-Cadherin disrupting antibodies was sufficient to phenocopy impairments in CSF drainage. Therapeutically, IFNγ neutralization in aged mice alleviated age-related impairments in meningeal lymphatic function. These data suggest manipulation of meningeal immunity as a viable therapeutic target to normalize CSF drainage in aged mice and alleviate the pathology in AD mice associated with impaired waste removal.

2023-03-10 | GSE217276 | GEO

2023-03-10 | GSE217312 | GEO

Therapeutic use of R-spondins to augment the cerebrovascular and neuronal Wnt signaling and improve stroke outcome in mice [neuron RNA-Seq]

Project description:Although Wnt signaling is critical for blood-brain barrier function, neuronal survival and adult neurogenesis, Wnt proteins are poorly suited as therapeutics for stroke given production and pharmacokinetic challenges. Here, we show that R-spondins (RSPOs), a family of easily produced secreted proteins that robustly augment Wnt signaling, were widely expressed in adult mouse brain and upregulated upon ischemia and reperfusion injury. Neutralizing endogenous RSPOs with their membrane receptor LGR5 and ZNRF3/RNF43 soluble ectodomains increased cerebral infarction in a murine stroke model. Conversely, systemic administration of RSPOs substantially reduced cerebral infarction and improved neurological outcomes. The neuroprotective effects of RSPOs were dependent on LGR4/ZNRF3-mediated canonical Wnt/-catenin signaling in the endothelia, neuronal cells and neural stem/progenitor cells, all of which contributed synergistically to reduce cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Thus, we identified a previously unknown neuroprotective mechanism and the therapeutic potential of recombinant RSPOs in ischemic stroke.

2023-10-07 | GSE159453 | GEO

Therapeutic use of R-spondins to augment the cerebrovascular and neuronal Wnt signaling and improve stroke outcome in mice [scRNA-Seq]

Project description:Wnt signaling is critical for blood-brain barrier function, neuronal survival and adult neurogenesis, yet Wnt proteins are poorly suited as therapeutics for stroke due to production and pharmacokinetic challenges. Here, we show that R-spondins (RSPOs), a family of easily produced and secreted proteins capable of robustly augmenting Wnt signaling, are widely expressed in adult mouse brain and upregulated upon ischemia and reperfusion injury. Neutralizing endogenous RSPOs with the soluble ectodomains of their membrane receptors LGR5, ZNRF3 and RNF43 increased cerebral infarction in a murine stroke model. Conversely, systemic administration of RSPOs substantially reduced cerebral infarction and improved neurological outcomes. The neuroprotective effects of RSPOs were dependent on LGR4/ZNRF3-mediated augmentation of canonical Wnt/-catenin signaling in endothelial and neuronal cells, which in turn promoted blood-brain barrier integrity, neuronal PDGF-CC expression and survival. Further, RSPOs promotes the proliferation and expansion of neural stem/progenitor cells and post-stroke neurogenesis. Thus, we identify a previously unknown neuroprotective and pro-neurogenic mechanism and describe the therapeutic potential of recombinant RSPOs in ischemic stroke.

2023-10-07 | GSE159454 | GEO

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